a = raw_input('How much is 1 share in that company? ')
while not a.isdigit():
print("You need to write a number!\n")
a = raw_input('How much is 1 share in that company? ')
这仅在用户输入
integer
时才起作用,但我希望即使他们输入 float
也能起作用,但当他们输入 string
时则不起作用。
因此用户应该能够输入
9
和 9.2
,但不能输入 abc
。
我该怎么做?
EAFP
try:
x = float(a)
except ValueError:
print("You must enter a number")
现有的答案是正确的,因为更Pythonic的方式通常是
try...except
(即EAFP,“请求宽恕比请求许可更容易”)。
但是,如果您确实想要进行验证,则可以在使用
isdigit()
之前删除 1 位小数点。
>>> "124".replace(".", "", 1).isdigit()
True
>>> "12.4".replace(".", "", 1).isdigit()
True
>>> "12..4".replace(".", "", 1).isdigit()
False
>>> "192.168.1.1".replace(".", "", 1).isdigit()
False
请注意,这对浮点数的处理与整数没有任何不同。如果您确实需要的话,您可以添加该检查。
使用正则表达式。
import re
p = re.compile('\d+(\.\d+)?')
a = raw_input('How much is 1 share in that company? ')
while p.match(a) == None:
print "You need to write a number!\n"
a = raw_input('How much is 1 share in that company? ')
以 dan04 的答案为基础:
def isDigit(x):
try:
float(x)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
用途:
isDigit(3) # True
isDigit(3.1) # True
isDigit("3") # True
isDigit("3.1") # True
isDigit("hi") # False
s = '12.32'
if s.replace('.', '').replace('-', '').isdigit():
print(float(s))
请注意,这也适用于负
float
。
我认为@dan04有正确的方法(EAFP),但不幸的是,现实世界往往是一个特殊情况,确实需要一些额外的代码来管理事物——所以下面是一个更详细的,但也更务实的(和现实的) ):
import sys
while True:
try:
a = raw_input('How much is 1 share in that company? ')
x = float(a)
# validity check(s)
if x < 0: raise ValueError('share price must be positive')
except ValueError, e:
print("ValueError: '{}'".format(e))
print("Please try entering it again...")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
sys.exit("\n<terminated by user>")
except:
exc_value = sys.exc_info()[1]
exc_class = exc_value.__class__.__name__
print("{} exception: '{}'".format(exc_class, exc_value))
sys.exit("<fatal error encountered>")
else:
break # no exceptions occurred, terminate loop
print("Share price entered: {}".format(x))
使用示例:
> python numeric_input.py
How much is 1 share in that company? abc
ValueError: 'could not convert string to float: abc'
Please try entering it again...
How much is 1 share in that company? -1
ValueError: 'share price must be positive'
Please try entering it again...
How much is 1 share in that company? 9
Share price entered: 9.0
> python numeric_input.py
How much is 1 share in that company? 9.2
Share price entered: 9.2
import re
string1 = "0.5"
string2 = "0.5a"
string3 = "a0.5"
string4 = "a0.5a"
p = re.compile(r'\d+(\.\d+)?$')
if p.match(string1):
print(string1 + " float or int")
else:
print(string1 + " not float or int")
if p.match(string2):
print(string2 + " float or int")
else:
print(string2 + " not float or int")
if p.match(string3):
print(string3 + " float or int")
else:
print(string3 + " not float or int")
if p.match(string4):
print(string4 + " float or int")
else:
print(string4 + " not float or int")
output:
0.5 float or int
0.5a not float or int
a0.5 not float or int
a0.5a not float or int
如果字符串包含一些特殊字符,例如下划线(例如“1_1”),则提供的答案将失败。在我测试的所有情况下,以下函数都会返回正确的答案。
def IfStringRepresentsFloat(s):
try:
float(s)
return str(float(s)) == s
except ValueError:
return False
`a = raw_input('那家公司 1 股多少钱?')
虽然不是 a.isdigit() 或 a.isdecimal(): print("你需要写一个数字! ”) a = raw_input('那家公司 1 股多少钱?')`