data.frame 列的子集,以最大化“完整”观察结果

问题描述 投票:0回答:3

我有一个大约有 20 个数字列的数据框,每个列都包含大量的 NA 值。我想选择这些列的子集,这将为我提供最多包含零 NA 值的行。详尽的搜索会花费大量的计算时间——是否有更好的方法来获得近似值?

这是一个具有较小数据框的示例(完全任意):

set.seed(2)
foo = as.data.frame(matrix(rnorm(200), nr = 20))
foo[sapply(foo, function(x) x > abs(x[1]))] = NA
foo = foo[-1, ]

round(foo, 3)

       V1     V2     V3     V4     V5     V6     V7     V8     V9    V10
2   0.185 -1.200 -1.959     NA -1.696  0.261  0.139  0.410 -0.638 -1.262
3      NA  1.590 -0.842 -0.703 -0.533 -0.314     NA -0.807 -0.268  0.392
4  -1.130  1.955     NA  0.158 -1.372 -0.750 -0.431  0.086  0.360 -1.131
5  -0.080  0.005     NA  0.506 -2.208 -0.862 -1.044     NA -1.313  0.544
6   0.132 -2.452     NA -0.820     NA     NA  0.538 -0.654 -0.884     NA
7   0.708  0.477 -0.305 -1.999 -0.653  0.940 -0.670     NA     NA  0.025
8  -0.240 -0.597 -0.091 -0.479 -0.285     NA  0.639  0.550 -2.099  0.515
9      NA  0.792 -0.184  0.084 -0.387 -0.421 -1.724 -0.807 -1.239 -0.654
10 -0.139  0.290 -1.199 -0.895  0.387 -0.351 -1.742 -0.997     NA  0.504
11  0.418  0.739 -0.838 -0.921     NA -1.027  0.690     NA     NA -1.272
12     NA  0.319     NA  0.330     NA -0.251  0.331 -0.169     NA -0.077
13 -0.393  1.076 -0.562 -0.142 -1.184  0.472  0.871     NA  0.057 -1.345
14 -1.040 -0.284     NA  0.435 -1.358     NA -2.016 -0.844  0.324 -0.266
15     NA -0.777 -1.048 -0.054 -1.513  0.564  1.213     NA -0.905     NA
16 -2.311 -0.596 -1.966 -0.907 -1.253  0.456  1.200 -1.343 -0.652  0.701
17  0.879 -1.726 -0.323  1.304     NA     NA  1.032     NA -0.262 -0.443
18  0.036 -0.903     NA  0.772  0.008     NA  0.786  0.464 -0.935 -0.789
19     NA -0.559     NA  1.053 -0.843  0.107     NA  0.268     NA -0.857
20  0.432 -0.247     NA -1.410 -0.601 -0.783 -1.454     NA -1.624 -0.746

dim(na.omit(foo))
[1]  1 10

以下是我如何制定详尽的搜索:

best.list = list()
for (i in 5:ncol(foo)) {
    # get best subset for each size
    collist = combn(ncol(foo), i)
    numobs = apply(collist, 2, function(x) nrow(na.omit(foo[, x])))
    cat("for subset size", i, "most complete obs is", max(numobs), "\n")
    best = which(numobs == max(numobs))[1]
    best.list = c(best.list, list(collist[, best]))
}

例如,

best.list[[1]]
告诉我,如果我保留 5 列,我可以有 12 个完整的观察值(NA 为零的行),并且第 1、2、4、7 和 10 列是我应该选择的列。

虽然这适用于非常小的数据帧,但对于较大的数据帧很快就会变得令人望而却步。 R中有没有一种方法可以有效地估计给定大小的最佳子集?我唯一能找到的是

subselect
包,尽管我不知道如何实现它的方法来解决手头的问题。

r optimization mathematical-optimization subquery
3个回答
3
投票

不确定这是否是完整的解决方案,但如果您想要快速结果,data.table 和影子矩阵是最可能的成分。

library(data.table)
df = data.table(foo) # your foo dataframe, converted to data.table

y = sort(df[,lapply(.SD, function(x) sum(is.na(x)))]) # nr of NA in columns, increasing
setcolorder(df, names(y)) # now the columns are ordered - less NA first

df[, idx := rowSums(is.na(df))] # count nr of NA in rows
df = df[order(idx),] # sort by nr of NA in rows
df[, idx := NULL] # idx not needed anymore
# now your data.table is sorted: columns with least NA to the left,  
# rows with with least NA on top

# shadow matrix
x= data.table(abs(!is.na(df)))  # 0 = NA value
y = as.data.table(t(x))
y = y[,lapply(.SD, cumprod)]
y = as.data.table(t(y))
y[,lapply(.SD, sum)] 

# nr of complete cases from column selections:
# V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
# 1: 19 18 16 14 11 10  7  5  2   1

0
投票

旧帖子,但有一个内置函数可以执行此操作。我敢打赌它非常有效:

df_noNAs <- df[complete.cases(df[,1:20]),]

0
投票

这是一个 tidyverse 解决方案。

与@Henk解决方案类似,

dfminimiser()
函数首先按缺失的降序对列和行进行排序,从而避免了详尽的搜索过程。

它返回在删除缺失值后具有最大行数和列数方面最优化的 data.frame。

我还添加了一个

vars2keep
参数,您可以在其中指定您肯定想要保留在最终数据集中的任何变量。这些变量在函数开头与其余变量分开处理。

感谢来自this SO post的@Onyambu,帮助该行有效地从列表中选择具有最大尺寸的data.frame。

这是函数:

# Load tidyverse packages:
library(tidyverse)

# Data frame minimiser function:
dfminimiser <- function(df, vars2keep){
  
  # Remove all rows that have NAs in the case definition column:
  df = df %>% 
    drop_na(all_of(vars2keep))
  
  # Create vector of colnames in decreasing order of completeness:
  colnonmiss = colSums(!is.na(df)) %>% 
    sort(decreasing = TRUE) %>% 
    names()
  
  # Sort columns and rows so most complete are at top left:
  df = df %>% 
    select(colnonmiss) %>% 
    arrange(rowSums(is.na(.)))
  
  # Create ordered list of columns to iteratively drop:
  cols2drop = names(df)[!names(df) %in% vars2keep]

  # Remove columns with the most missing one by one and drop NAs:
  dflist = cols2drop %>%
    map(~ df %>% select(1:.x) %>% drop_na())
  
  # Select the data.frame with the biggest dimensions (nrow & ncol):
  dfinal = dflist[[which.max(map_dbl(dflist, ~ prod(dim(.x))))]]
  
  # Return the final data.frame:
  return(dfinal)
  
}

结果如下:

# Apply the function:
foo_final <- dfminimiser(foo, vars2keep = "V1"

# View the results:
> foo_final
            V1           V2         V7         V4         V10
1  -2.31106908 -0.595660499  1.2004947 -0.9071104  0.70056780
2  -1.13037567  1.954651642 -0.4306410  0.1581648 -1.13143826
3  -0.23969802 -0.596558169  0.6388056 -0.4792926  0.51513317
4  -0.13878701  0.289636710 -1.7424301 -0.8954866  0.50364199
5  -0.39269536  1.076164354  0.8710677 -0.1416608 -1.34531938
6  -0.08025176  0.004937777 -1.0442296  0.5062348  0.54414448
7   0.70795473  0.477237303 -0.6695860 -1.9988470  0.02522857
8  -1.03966898 -0.284157720 -2.0162456  0.4348478 -0.26631756
9   0.03580672 -0.902584480  0.7864103  0.7717898 -0.78851997
10  0.43226515 -0.246512567 -1.4538098 -1.4100383 -0.74641901
11  0.41765075  0.738938604  0.6898042 -0.9212757 -1.27211922
12  0.87860458 -1.725979779  1.0320683  1.3035122 -0.44275951

我无法让@Henk 的所有代码都工作来对这两种方法进行基准测试,但这个 tidyverse 解决方案似乎也相当快。

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