如何获取每个 Spacy NER 实体的描述？

Question

我正在使用 Spacy NER 模型从文本中提取一些与我的问题相关的命名实体，例如日期、时间、GPE 等。

例如，我需要识别以下句子中的时区：

"Australian Central Time"

使用Spacy模型

en_core_web_lg

，我得到了以下结果：

doc = nlp("Australian Central Time")
print([(ent.label_, ent.text) for ent in doc.ents])
    
>> [('NORP', 'Australian')]

我的问题是：我不清楚实体

NORP

的确切含义以及更一般的每个Spacy NER实体的确切含义（当然不考虑直观值）。

我找到了以下代码片段来获取完整的实体列表，但之后我被阻止了：

import spacy
nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_lg")
nlp.get_pipe("ner").labels

我对使用 Spacy NLP 还很陌生，在官方文档中没有找到我想要的内容，因此我们将不胜感激！

顺便说一句，我正在使用 Spacy 版本

3.2.1

。

Answer 1

大多数标签都有定义，您可以使用

spacy.explain(label)

访问。

对于

NORP

：“民族或宗教或政治团体”

有关更多详细信息，您需要查看https://spacy.io/models/下的模型文档中列出的资源的注释指南。

Answer 2

完整列表如下。截至2023年2月，英文模型有18个标签。

PERSON:      People, including fictional.
NORP:        Nationalities or religious or political groups.
FAC:         Buildings, airports, highways, bridges, etc.
ORG:         Companies, agencies, institutions, etc.
GPE:         Countries, cities, states.
LOC:         Non-GPE locations, mountain ranges, bodies of water.
PRODUCT:     Objects, vehicles, foods, etc. (Not services.)
EVENT:       Named hurricanes, battles, wars, sports events, etc.
WORK_OF_ART: Titles of books, songs, etc.
LAW:         Named documents made into laws.
LANGUAGE:    Any named language.
DATE:        Absolute or relative dates or periods.
TIME:        Times smaller than a day.
PERCENT:     Percentage, including ”%“.
MONEY:       Monetary values, including unit.
QUANTITY:    Measurements, as of weight or distance.
ORDINAL:     “first”, “second”, etc.
CARDINAL:    Numerals that do not fall under another type.

来源：Medium 上的 Mikael Davidsson。

Answer 3

这将给出每个标签和描述：

nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_trf", disable=["tagger", "parser", "attribute_ruler", "lemmatizer"])
for label in nlp.get_pipe('ner').labels:
    print(f"{label}: {spacy.explain(label)}")

返回：

CARDINAL: Numerals that do not fall under another type
DATE: Absolute or relative dates or periods
EVENT: Named hurricanes, battles, wars, sports events, etc.
FAC: Buildings, airports, highways, bridges, etc.
GPE: Countries, cities, states
LANGUAGE: Any named language
LAW: Named documents made into laws.
LOC: Non-GPE locations, mountain ranges, bodies of water
MONEY: Monetary values, including unit
NORP: Nationalities or religious or political groups
ORDINAL: "first", "second", etc.
ORG: Companies, agencies, institutions, etc.
PERCENT: Percentage, including "%"
PERSON: People, including fictional
PRODUCT: Objects, vehicles, foods, etc. (not services)
QUANTITY: Measurements, as of weight or distance
TIME: Times smaller than a day
WORK_OF_ART: Titles of books, songs, etc.