我对 Django 还很陌生。我正在开发一个需要存储影片的 django 应用程序，当我尝试使用以下程序加载影片实例时：
import os
import json
import requests
# Assuming the JSON content is stored in a variable named 'films_json'
json_file_path: str = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "films.json")
# Load the JSON content from the file
with open(json_file_path, "r") as file:
films_json: dict = json.load(file)
# URL of the endpoint
endpoint_url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/site-admin/add-film/"
for film_data in films_json["films"]:
print()
print(json.dumps(film_data, indent=4))
response: requests.Response = requests.post(endpoint_url, json=film_data)
if response.status_code == 201:
print(f"Film '{film_data['name']}' added successfully")
else:
print(f"Failed to add film '{film_data['name']}':")
print(json.dumps(dict(response.headers),indent=4))
print(f"{json.dumps(response.json(), indent=4)}")
我收到以下回复（针对每部电影）：
{
"name": "Pulp Fiction",
"genre": "Crime",
"duration": 154,
"director": "Quentin Tarantino",
"cast": [
"John Travolta",
"Uma Thurman",
"Samuel L. Jackson",
"Bruce Willis"
],
"description": "The lives of two mob hitmen, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption.",
"image_url": "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BNGNhMDIzZTUtNTBlZi00MTRlLWFjM2ItYzViMjE3YzI5MjljXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNzkwMjQ5NzM@._V1_.jpg",
"release": "1994-00-00"
}
Failed to add film 'Pulp Fiction':
Bad Request
{
"Date": "Fri, 03 May 2024 22:35:32 GMT",
"Server": "WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.10.10",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"Vary": "Accept, Cookie",
"Allow": "POST, OPTIONS",
"djdt-store-id": "bf9dc157db354419a70d69f3be5e8dd7",
"Server-Timing": "TimerPanel_utime;dur=0;desc=\"User CPU time\", TimerPanel_stime;dur=0;desc=\"System CPU time\", TimerPanel_total;dur=0;desc=\"Total CPU time\", TimerPanel_total_time;dur=50.99039999186061;desc=\"Elapsed time\", SQLPanel_sql_time;dur=2.606799971545115;desc=\"SQL 14 queries\", CachePanel_total_time;dur=0;desc=\"Cache 0 Calls\"",
"X-Frame-Options": "DENY",
"Content-Length": "197",
"X-Content-Type-Options": "nosniff",
"Referrer-Policy": "same-origin",
"Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy": "same-origin"
}
{
"release": [
"Date has wrong format. Use one of these formats instead: YYYY-MM-DD."
],
"director_id": [
"Invalid pk \"1\" - object does not exist."
],
"cast": [
"Invalid pk \"2\" - object does not exist."
]
}
这是我的观点：
class AggregateFilmView(generics.CreateAPIView):
serializer_class: type = FilmSerializer
def post(self, request) -> Response:
print(f"### {type(request.data)}", file=sys.stderr)
with transaction.atomic(): # Ensure all or nothing persistence
try:
film_data: dict = request.data
# Handle Director
if "director" not in film_data.keys():
raise ValidationError("director field must be provided")
director_name: str = film_data.pop("director", {})
if not type(director_name) is str:
raise ValidationError("diretor name must be a string")
director_data: dict[str, str] = {"name": director_name}
director_serializer = DirectorSerializer(data=director_data)
director_serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
director: Director = director_serializer.save()
# Handle Cast (Actors)
if "cast" not in film_data.keys():
raise ValidationError("cast field must be provided")
cast_names: list[str] = film_data.pop("cast", [])
if type(cast_names) is not list:
raise ValidationError("cast must be a list of names (list[string])")
cast_data: list[dict[str, str]] = []
if not len(cast_names) == 0:
for name in cast_names:
if not type(name) is str:
raise ValidationError(
"cast must be a list of names (list[string])"
)
actor_data: dict[str, str] = {"name": name}
cast_data.append(actor_data)
actor_serializer = ActorSerializer(data=cast_data, many=True)
actor_serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
actors: Actor = actor_serializer.save()
# Handle Film
film_data["director_id"] = director.id # director ID
film_data["cast"] = [actor.id for actor in actors] # list of actor IDs
types: list[type] = [type(field) for field in film_data.values()]
print(types, file=sys.stderr)
print(film_data, file=sys.stderr)
film_serializer = FilmSerializer(data=film_data)
film_serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
film_serializer.save()
response: Response = Response(
{"detail": "Film added succesfully"}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED
)
except ValidationError as error:
response = Response(
{"error": error.message},
status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
)
# Return serialized data (customize as needed)
return response
这是我的序列化器：
class FilmSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Film
# fields: str = "__all__"
fields: list[str] = [
"name",
"release",
"genre",
"description",
"duration",
"director_id",
"cast",
]
def validate_name(self, value) -> str:
print(f"Name validation {value}", file=sys.stderr)
if value is None:
raise serializers.ValidationError("Film name is required")
return value
def validate_release(self, value) -> str:
print(f"Date validation {value}", file=sys.stderr)
if value is None:
raise serializers.ValidationError("Release year is required")
try:
patterns: dict[str, str] = {
"%Y": r"^\d{4}$",
"%Y-%m": r"^\d{4}-\d{2}$",
"%Y-%m-%d": r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$",
"%m-%Y": r"^\d{2}-\d{4}$",
"%d-%m-%Y": r"^\d{2}-\d{2}-\d{4}$",
}
format_match: bool = False
for date_format, pattern in patterns.items():
if re.match(pattern, value):
format_match = True
print(f"Matched {date_format} format", file=sys.stderr)
return datetime.datetime.strptime(value, date_format)
if not format_match:
raise serializers.ValidationError(
"Invalid date format.",
"Accepted formats: %Y, %Y-%m, %Y-%m-%d, %m-%Y, %d-%m-%Y",
)
except ValueError:
raise serializers.ValidationError("Year must be a valid date")
return value
def validate_genre(self, value) -> str:
print(f"Genre validation {value}", file=sys.stderr)
if value is None:
raise serializers.ValidationError("Genre is required")
if value not in Film.GENRE_CHOICES:
raise serializers.ValidationError("Invalid genre")
return value
def validate_description(self, value) -> str:
print(f"Description validation {value}", file=sys.stderr)
if value is None:
raise serializers.ValidationError("Description is required")
if len(value) > 300:
raise serializers.ValidationError(
"Description cannot exceed 300 characters"
)
return value
def validate_director_id(self, value) -> str:
print(f"Director Id {value}", file=sys.stderr)
if value is None:
raise serializers.ValidationError("Director is required")
try:
Director.objects.get(pk=value)
except Director.DoesNotExist:
raise serializers.ValidationError("Invalid director ID")
return value
def validate_cast(self, value) -> str:
print(f"Cast {value}", file=sys.stderr)
if value is None:
raise serializers.ValidationError("At least one cast member is required")
try:
Actor.objects.filter(pk__in=value)
except Actor.DoesNotExist:
raise serializers.ValidationError("Invalid cast ID")
这是我的模型：
class Film(models.Model):
GENRE_CHOICES: list[str] = [
"Action",
"Comedy",
"Crime",
"Doctumentary",
"Drama",
"Horror",
"Romance",
"Sci-Fi",
"Thriller",
"Western",
]
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=64, unique=True)
release = models.DateField()
genre = models.CharField(max_length=64)
description = models.TextField()
duration = models.FloatField()
director_id = models.ForeignKey(
User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="director"
)
cast = models.ManyToManyField(User, related_name="cast")
问题在于，release 字段被与我在序列化器中定义的验证不同的验证所拒绝，并且应该通过修改我的 validate_release 方法应该执行的值来避免它报告的无效。
问题是 validate_release 方法没有被调用，正如在运行服务器的终端中可以看到的：
### <class 'dict'>
[<class 'str'>, <class 'str'>, <class 'int'>, <class 'str'>, <class 'str'>, <class 'str'>, <class 'int'>, <class 'list'>]
{'name': 'Pulp Fiction', 'genre': 'Crime', 'duration': 154, 'description': "The lives of two mob hitmen, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption.", 'image_url': 'https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BNGNhMDIzZTUtNTBlZi00MTRlLWFjM2ItYzViMjE3YzI5MjljXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNzkwMjQ5NzM@._V1_.jpg', 'release': '1994-00-00', 'director_id': 1, 'cast': [2, 3, 4, 5]}
Name validation Pulp Fiction
Genre validation Crime
Description validation The lives of two mob hitmen, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption.
Bad Request: /site-admin/add-film/
[04/May/2024 00:36:34] "POST /site-admin/add-film/ HTTP/1.1" 400 197
关于如何解决这个问题有什么想法吗？
因为
ModelSerializer releaseDateField为了覆盖它，您需要设置自己的有效输入列表（我将在 settings.py 中执行此操作，但当然可以在任何地方）。
DATE_INPUT_FORMATS = [
"%Y",
"%Y-%m",
"%m-%Y",
"%Y-%m-%d",
"%d-%m-%Y",
]
序列化器.py
class FilmSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
release = serializers.DateField(input_formats=settings.DATE_INPUT_FORMATS)
class Meta:
model = Film
fields = "__all__"