我已经使用 Spring Framework(版本 5.0.5.RELEASE)在 Java 1.8 类中实现了异步方法:
public class ClassToBeTested {
@Autowired
private MyComponent myComponent;
@Async
public void doStuff(List<MyClass> myObjects) {
CompletableFuture<MyResponseObject>[] futureList = new CompletableFuture[myObjects.size()];
int count = 0;
for (MyClass myObject : myObjects) {
futureList[count] = myComponent.doOtherStuff(myObject);
count++;
}
// Wait until all doOtherStuff() calls have been completed
CompletableFuture.allOf(futureList).join();
... other stuff ...
}
}
我正在尝试使用 JUnit 和 Mockito 测试该类。我将其设置如下,目的是模拟 doStuff() 方法对组件的调用:
@MockBean
private MyComponent myComponentAsAMock;
@InjectMocks
@Autowired
private ClassToBeTested classToBeTested;
@Test
public void myTest() throws Exception {
// Create object to return when myComponent.doOtherStuff() is called.
CompletableFuture<MyResponseObject> completableFuture = new CompletableFuture<MyResponseObject>();
... populate an instance of MyResponseObject ...
completableFuture.complete(myResponseObject);
// Return object when myComponent.doOtherStuff() is called.
Mockito.when(
myComponentAsAMock.doOtherStuff(ArgumentMatchers.any(MyClass.class)))
.thenReturn(completableFuture);
// Test.
List<MyClass> myObjects = new ArrayList<MyClass>();
MyClass myObject = new MyClass();
myObjects.add(myObject);
classToBeTested.doStuff(myObjects);
}
虽然当我在 Eclipse 中单独运行单元测试时似乎是成功的,但对整个项目进行 Maven 构建时,我注意到抛出了 NullPointerExceptions:
[ThreadExecutor2] .a.i.SimpleAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler : Unexpected error occurred invoking async method 'public void package.ClassToBeTested.doStuff(java.util.List)'.
java.lang.NullPointerException: null
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.andTree(CompletableFuture.java:1306) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.allOf(CompletableFuture.java:2225) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
at package.ClassToBeTested.doStuff(ClassToBeTested.java:75) ~[classes/:na]
ClassToBeTested.java 的这一行引发错误:
CompletableFuture.allOf(completedFutureList).join();
它看起来就像测试完成后在 Maven 构建输出中显示异常消息(还有其他正在运行的测试,其输出发生在显示错误消息之前),所以我猜这是要做的事情事实上,对 doStuff() 的调用是异步的。
如有任何帮助,我们将不胜感激。
解决方案是添加 Mockito 验证步骤,并设置超时和检查,以确保模拟组件的方法已被调用适当的次数:
Mockito.verify(myComponentAsAMock, Mockito.timeout(1000).times(1)).doOtherStuff(ArgumentMatchers.any(MyClass.class));