如何在PowerShell中创建WinUI3 GUI？

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

目标

在基于.NET 9的PowerShell 7.5中创建并渲染一个简单的WinUI3 GUI。没什么复杂的，只是一个窗口和一个按钮，比如这个XAML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Window
    x:Class="App1.MainWindow"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:local="using:App1"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    mc:Ignorable="d">

    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center">
        <Button x:Name="myButton" Click="myButton_Click">Click Me</Button>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

  • 在 PowerShell 中使用、导入或定义 C# 代码完全可以作为解决方案。
  • 我唯一不想做的事情就是构建/编译我自己的二进制文件，例如可执行文件或 DLL。如果需要 CSharp 代码，我想使用在 PowerShell 中未编译的 .cs CSharp 文件。
    加载和使用 Microsoft 签名的 DLL 是完全没问题的。
    • 

  • 

    • 到目前为止我已经尝试过的事情


我使用最新的 WindowsApps SDK 在 Visual Studio 2022 中创建了一个完全运行的 WinUI3 应用程序。然后在 
Winui3 project\App1\bin\x64\Debug\net8.0-windows10.0.22621.0\win-x64
 文件夹内，我尝试在 PowerShell 中加载所有 
DLLs
 。加载了大约 200 个 dll，但有一些加载失败。
现在在 PowerShell 中我可以访问类型 
[Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window]
 但当我尝试创建它的实例时
New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window
# Or
[Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window]::new()



我收到以下错误


MethodInvocationException: Exception calling ".ctor" with "0" argument(s): "The type initializer for '_IWindowFactory' threw an exception."



看起来 
_IWindowFactory
 缺少依赖项。


这是完整的错误消息



Exception             : 
    Type           : System.Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException
    ErrorRecord    : 
        Exception             : 
            Type    : System.Management.Automation.ParentContainsErrorRecordException
            Message : Exception calling ".ctor" with "0" argument(s): "The type initializer for '_IWindowFactory' threw an exception."
            HResult : -2146233087
        CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [], ParentContainsErrorRecordException
        FullyQualifiedErrorId : TypeInitializationException
        InvocationInfo        : 
            ScriptLineNumber : 1
            OffsetInLine     : 1
            HistoryId        : 4
            Line             : [Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window]::new()
            Statement        : [Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window]::new()
            PositionMessage  : At line:1 char:1
                               + [Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window]::new()
                               + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
            CommandOrigin    : Internal
        ScriptStackTrace      : at <ScriptBlock>, <No file>: line 1
    TargetSite     : 
        Name          : ConvertToMethodInvocationException
        DeclaringType : [System.Management.Automation.ExceptionHandlingOps]
        MemberType    : Method
        Module        : System.Management.Automation.dll
    Message        : Exception calling ".ctor" with "0" argument(s): "The type initializer for '_IWindowFactory' threw an exception."
    Data           : System.Collections.ListDictionaryInternal
    InnerException : 
        Type           : System.TypeInitializationException
        TypeName       : _IWindowFactory
        TargetSite     : 
            Name          : get_Instance
            DeclaringType : [Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window+_IWindowFactory]
            MemberType    : Method
            Module        : Microsoft.WinUI.dll
        Message        : The type initializer for '_IWindowFactory' threw an exception.
        InnerException : 
            Type           : System.TypeInitializationException
            TypeName       : WinRT.ActivationFactory`1
            TargetSite     : 
                Name          : As
                DeclaringType : [WinRT.ActivationFactory`1[T]]
                MemberType    : Method
                Module        : Microsoft.WinUI.dll
            Message        : The type initializer for 'WinRT.ActivationFactory`1' threw an exception.
            InnerException : 
                Type       : System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException
                ErrorCode  : -2147221164
                TargetSite : 
                    Name          : ThrowExceptionForHR
                    DeclaringType : [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]
                    MemberType    : Method
                    Module        : System.Private.CoreLib.dll
                Message    : Class not registered (0x80040154 (REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG))
                Source     : System.Private.CoreLib
                HResult    : -2147221164
                StackTrace : 
   at System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ThrowExceptionForHR(Int32 errorCode)
   at WinRT.BaseActivationFactory..ctor(String typeNamespace, String typeFullName)
   at WinRT.ActivationFactory`1..ctor()
   at WinRT.ActivationFactory`1..cctor()
            Source         : Microsoft.WinUI
            HResult        : -2146233036
            StackTrace     : 
   at WinRT.ActivationFactory`1.As(Guid iid)
   at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window._IWindowFactory..ctor()
   at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window._IWindowFactory..cctor()
        Source         : Microsoft.WinUI
        HResult        : -2146233036
        StackTrace     : 
   at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window._IWindowFactory.get_Instance()
   at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window..ctor()
   at CallSite.Target(Closure, CallSite, Type)
    Source         : System.Management.Automation
    HResult        : -2146233087
    StackTrace     : 
   at System.Management.Automation.ExceptionHandlingOps.ConvertToMethodInvocationException(Exception exception, Type typeToThrow, String methodName, Int32 numArgs, MemberInfo memberInfo)
   at CallSite.Target(Closure, CallSite, Type)
   at System.Dynamic.UpdateDelegates.UpdateAndExecute1[T0,TRet](CallSite site, T0 arg0)
   at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.DynamicInstruction`2.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
   at System.Management.Automation.Interpreter.EnterTryCatchFinallyInstruction.Run(InterpretedFrame frame)
CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [], MethodInvocationException
FullyQualifiedErrorId : TypeInitializationException
InvocationInfo        : 
    ScriptLineNumber : 1
    OffsetInLine     : 1
    HistoryId        : 4
    Line             : [Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window]::new()
    Statement        : [Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window]::new()
    PositionMessage  : At line:1 char:1
                       + [Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window]::new()
                       + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    CommandOrigin    : Internal
ScriptStackTrace      : at <ScriptBlock>, <No file>: line 1




其他人
也尝试过这个并得到了类似的结果。 另一个问题与此问题相关，请求 Microsoft 提供一些指导。
我不知道 Visual Studio 如何做到这一点，使这一切变得如此简单和自动化，但我相信我需要在 PowerShell 中手动执行相同的任务。

    





    
    c#
    
    powershell
    
    xaml
    
    winui-3
    
    powershell-7.4
    
    
1个回答

    

      
      
      

        

          

            

              
0
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首先创建一个目录并放入其中




以下
    .ps1
  • 文件，
    最新 
    • Microsoft.WindowsAppSDK 包
  •  nuget 的内容，仅 lib\net6.0-windows10.0.18362.0 目录（截至今天，它不针对 .NET 8），
    添加来自 
    • Microsoft.Windows.CsWinRT
  •  nuget
     的 
    WinRT.Runtime.dll
添加来自 
    • Microsoft.Windows.SDK.NET.Ref
  •  nuget
     的 
    Microsoft.Windows.SDK.NET.dll
从 WinAppSDK Runtime 添加
    • Microsoft.WindowsAppRuntime.Bootstrap.dll
  • （您可以在今天的 
    C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.WindowsAppRuntime.1.5_5001.95.533.0_x64__8wekyb3d8bbwe
     之类的地方找到）
    如果您想要为您的 Windows 提供漂亮的图标，可以选择放置一个 .ico 文件
    • 

  • 

    • 这就是您的文件夹的外观（您可以删除它们用于 SDK 文档的 .xml 文件）：


enter image description here
现在这是 BasicWinUI.ps1 的内容（如您所见，它是 95% C#）


Add-Type -Path ".\WinRT.Runtime.dll"
Add-Type -Path ".\Microsoft.Windows.SDK.NET.dll"
Add-Type -Path ".\Microsoft.WindowsAppRuntime.Bootstrap.Net.dll"
Add-Type -Path ".\Microsoft.InteractiveExperiences.Projection.dll"
Add-Type -Path ".\Microsoft.WinUI.dll"

$referencedAssemblies = @(
    "System.Threading" # for SynchronizationContext
    ".\WinRT.Runtime.dll"
    ".\Microsoft.Windows.SDK.NET.dll"
    ".\Microsoft.WindowsAppRuntime.Bootstrap.Net.dll"
    ".\Microsoft.InteractiveExperiences.Projection.dll"
    ".\Microsoft.WinUI.dll"
)

#Note: we remove warning CS1701: Assuming assembly reference 'System.Runtime, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'
#  used by 'Microsoft.WindowsAppRuntime.Bootstrap.Net'
#  matches identity 'System.Runtime, Version=8.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a' of 'System.Runtime',
#  you may need to supply runtime policy
Add-Type -ReferencedAssemblies $referencedAssemblies -CompilerOptions /nowarn:CS1701 -Language CSharp @"
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;
using Microsoft.UI.Dispatching;
using Microsoft.UI.Windowing;
using Microsoft.UI.Xaml;
using Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Microsoft.Windows.ApplicationModel.DynamicDependency;
using Windows.Graphics;
using Windows.UI.Popups;
using WinRT.Interop;

namespace BasicWinUI
{
    public static class Program
    {
        [STAThread]
        public static void Main()
        {
            Bootstrap.Initialize(0x00010005); // asks for WinAppSDK version 1.5, or gets "Package dependency criteria could not be resolved" error
            XamlCheckProcessRequirements();
            Application.Start((p) =>
            {
                SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(new DispatcherQueueSynchronizationContext(DispatcherQueue.GetForCurrentThread()));
                new App();
            });
            Bootstrap.Shutdown();
        }

        [DllImport("microsoft.ui.xaml")]
        private static extern void XamlCheckProcessRequirements();
    }

    public class App : Application
    {
        private MyWindow m_window;

        protected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs args)
        {
            if (m_window != null)
                return;

            m_window = new MyWindow();
            m_window.Activate();
        }
    }

    public class MyWindow : Window
    {
        public MyWindow()
        {
            Title = "Basic WinUI3";

            // set icon by path
            AppWindow.SetIcon("BasicWinUI.ico");

            // size & center
            var area = DisplayArea.GetFromWindowId(AppWindow.Id, DisplayAreaFallback.Nearest);
            var width = 300; var height = 150;
            var rc = new RectInt32((area.WorkArea.Width - width) / 2, (area.WorkArea.Height - height) / 2, width, height);
            AppWindow.MoveAndResize(rc);

            // give a "dialog" look
            if (AppWindow.Presenter is OverlappedPresenter p)
            {
                p.IsMinimizable = false;
                p.IsMaximizable = false;
                p.IsResizable = false;
            }

            // create the content as a panel
            var panel = new StackPanel { Margin = new Thickness(10) };
            Content = panel;
            panel.Children.Add(new TextBlock { Text = "Are you sure you want to do this?", HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center });

            // create a panel for buttons
            var buttons = new StackPanel { Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal, HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center };
            panel.Children.Add(buttons);

            // add yes & no buttons
            var yes = new Button { Content = "Yes", Margin = new Thickness(10) };
            var no = new Button { Content = "No", Margin = new Thickness(10) };
            buttons.Children.Add(yes);
            buttons.Children.Add(no);

            no.Click += (s, e) => Close();
            yes.Click += async (s, e) =>
            {
                // show some other form
                var dlg = new MessageDialog("You did click yes", Title);
                InitializeWithWindow.Initialize(dlg, WindowNative.GetWindowHandle(this));
                await dlg.ShowAsync();
            };

            // focus on first button
            panel.Loaded += (s, e) => panel.Focus(FocusState.Keyboard);
        }
    }
}
"@;
 
[BasicWinUI.Program]::Main()



我在 BasicWinUI 文件夹中使用这样的 .bat 启动它：


C:\myPowerShellPath\PowerShell-7.4.2-win-x64\pwsh.exe -File BasicWinUI.ps1 



这是你应该得到的：


enter image description here
    


      

      
    

  

  

    
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