我想将整个stdlibc +编译/链接到一个独立的C ++支持。所以我创建一个空的so文件，只包含声明extern "C" void * __dso_handle = 0并导出所有符号链接它
-Wl,--whole-archive
-Wl,-Bstatic
stdc++
并设置链接标志-nostdlib一切正常，除了我无法通过调用dlclose()从内存中取消映射，即使我在dlclose()之后立即调用dlopen()。当我使用命令cat /proc/pid/maps时它仍然存在。
然后我使用LD_DEBUG=binding加载dso文件。我发现它有很多符号绑定到libc.so.6，libstdc++.so.6。我想当系统将dso文件加载到内存中时，它会将默认函数指针指向dso函数，将静态链接stdc +转换为dso文件。
我的问题是：是否可以通过dlclose()从内存中取消映射dso文件？也许系统不支持将函数指针重新绑定到默认地址，因此它不支持dlclose()从内存中卸载库。我对吗？或者我有什么方法可以做？
我也试过没有-nostdlib并删除代码extern "C" void * __dso_handle = 0所以这是完全空的但仍然无法通过使用dlclose从内存中卸载它。我现在不知道。
更新2018年4月25日
现在使用gold和-Wl， - no-GNU-unique可以成功从内存中卸载库但是在调用dlclose后退出时会导致应用程序崩溃。堆栈如下：
#0 0x00007ffff0245bf0 in ?? ()
#1 0x00007ffff70e8a69 in __run_exit_handlers () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#2 0x00007ffff70e8ab5 in exit () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#3 0x00007ffff70d1c0c in __libc_start_main () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#4 0x000000000047a1e5 in _start ()
不知道为什么。我将使用--disable-GNU-unique-object重建GCC以再次尝试。我做了一个样本回购再现这个问题here。
崩溃也存在与GCC重建 - 禁用-GNU-unique-object，甚至不使用gold和-Wl， - no-GNU-unique来编译和链接它。
更新2018年4月26日here。如果您有兴趣，请参阅我的repo here，其中包含崩溃和修复的dso项目的来源，您可以重现并比较更改以及有关编译器和使用的链接器选项的固定详细信息。如果出现任何新问题，将继续更新。最后非常感谢@yugr :)。
#ifndef _ICXXABI_H
#define _ICXXABI_H
#define ATEXIT_MAX_FUNCS 128
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
typedef unsigned uarch_t;
struct atexit_func_entry_t
{
/*
* Each member is at least 4 bytes large. Such that each entry is 12bytes.
* 128 * 12 = 1.5KB exact.
**/
void (*destructor_func)(void *);
void *obj_ptr;
void *dso_handle;
};
atexit_func_entry_t __atexit_funcs[ATEXIT_MAX_FUNCS];
uarch_t __atexit_func_count = 0;
void *__dso_handle = 0; //Attention! Optimally, you should remove the '= 0' part and define this in your asm script.
int __cxa_atexit(void (*f)(void *), void *objptr, void *dso)
{
if (__atexit_func_count >= ATEXIT_MAX_FUNCS) {return -1;};
__atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].destructor_func = f;
__atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].obj_ptr = objptr;
__atexit_funcs[__atexit_func_count].dso_handle = dso;
__atexit_func_count++;
return 0; /*I would prefer if functions returned 1 on success, but the ABI says...*/
};
void __cxa_finalize(void *f)
{
uarch_t i = __atexit_func_count;
if (!f)
{
/*
* According to the Itanium C++ ABI, if __cxa_finalize is called without a
* function ptr, then it means that we should destroy EVERYTHING MUAHAHAHA!!
*
* TODO:
* Note well, however, that deleting a function from here that contains a __dso_handle
* means that one link to a shared object file has been terminated. In other words,
* We should monitor this list (optional, of course), since it tells us how many links to
* an object file exist at runtime in a particular application. This can be used to tell
* when a shared object is no longer in use. It is one of many methods, however.
**/
//You may insert a prinf() here to tell you whether or not the function gets called. Testing
//is CRITICAL!
while (i--)
{
if (__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)
{
/* ^^^ That if statement is a safeguard...
* To make sure we don't call any entries that have already been called and unset at runtime.
* Those will contain a value of 0, and calling a function with value 0
* will cause undefined behaviour. Remember that linear address 0,
* in a non-virtual address space (physical) contains the IVT and BDA.
*
* In a virtual environment, the kernel will receive a page fault, and then probably
* map in some trash, or a blank page, or something stupid like that.
* This will result in the processor executing trash, and...we don't want that.
**/
(*__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)(__atexit_funcs[i].obj_ptr);
};
};
return;
};
while (i--)
{
/*
* The ABI states that multiple calls to the __cxa_finalize(destructor_func_ptr) function
* should not destroy objects multiple times. Only one call is needed to eliminate multiple
* entries with the same address.
*
* FIXME:
* This presents the obvious problem: all destructors must be stored in the order they
* were placed in the list. I.e: the last initialized object's destructor must be first
* in the list of destructors to be called. But removing a destructor from the list at runtime
* creates holes in the table with unfilled entries.
* Remember that the insertion algorithm in __cxa_atexit simply inserts the next destructor
* at the end of the table. So, we have holes with our current algorithm
* This function should be modified to move all the destructors above the one currently
* being called and removed one place down in the list, so as to cover up the hole.
* Otherwise, whenever a destructor is called and removed, an entire space in the table is wasted.
**/
if (__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func == f)
{
/*
* Note that in the next line, not every destructor function is a class destructor.
* It is perfectly legal to register a non class destructor function as a simple cleanup
* function to be called on program termination, in which case, it would not NEED an
* object This pointer. A smart programmer may even take advantage of this and register
* a C function in the table with the address of some structure containing data about
* what to clean up on exit.
* In the case of a function that takes no arguments, it will simply be ignore within the
* function itself. No worries.
**/
(*__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func)(__atexit_funcs[i].obj_ptr);
__atexit_funcs[i].destructor_func = 0;
/*
* Notice that we didn't decrement __atexit_func_count: this is because this algorithm
* requires patching to deal with the FIXME outlined above.
**/
};
};
};
#ifdef __cplusplus
};
#endif
#endif
从Chrome添加一个新的工具提取似乎线程安全把它放在这里备份解决方案。不确定哪一个是最好的。
/* $OpenBSD: atexit.c,v 1.14 2007/09/05 20:47:47 chl Exp $ */
/*
* Copyright (c) 2002 Daniel Hartmeier
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
* disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
* with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
* ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
extern "C"
{
static pthread_mutex_t gAtExitLock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
void _thread_atexit_lock( void )
{
pthread_mutex_lock( &gAtExitLock );
}
void _thread_atexit_unlock( void )
{
pthread_mutex_unlock( &gAtExitLock );
}
#define _ATEXIT_LOCK() _thread_atexit_lock()
#define _ATEXIT_UNLOCK() _thread_atexit_unlock()
struct atexit {
struct atexit *next; /* next in list */
int ind; /* next index in this table */
int max; /* max entries >= ATEXIT_SIZE */
struct atexit_fn {
void (*cxa_func)(void *);
void *fn_arg; /* argument for CXA callback */
void *fn_dso; /* shared module handle */
} fns[1]; /* the table itself */
};
void *__dso_handle = 0;
struct atexit *__atexit;
/*
* TODO: Read this before upstreaming:
*
* As of Apr 2014 there is a bug regaring function type detection logic in
* Free/Open/NetBSD implementations of __cxa_finalize().
*
* What it is about:
* First of all there are two kind of atexit handlers:
* 1) void handler(void) - this is the regular type
* available for to user via atexit(.) function call.
*
* 2) void internal_handler(void*) - this is the type
* __cxa_atexit() function expects. This handler is used
* by C++ compiler to register static destructor calls.
* Note that calling this function as the handler of type (1)
* results in incorrect this pointer in static d-tors.
*
* What is wrong with BSD implementations:
*
* They use dso argument to identify the handler type. The problem
* with it is dso is also used to identify the handlers associated
* with particular dynamic library and allow __cxa_finalize to call correct
* set of functions on dlclose(). And it cannot identify both.
*
* What is correct way to identify function type?
*
* Consider this:
* 1. __cxa_finalize and __cxa_atexit are part of libc and do not have access to hidden
* &__dso_handle.
* 2. __cxa_atexit has only 3 arguments: function pointer, function argument, dso.
* none of them can be reliably used to pass information about handler type.
* 3. following http://www.codesourcery.com/cxx-abi/abi.html#dso-dtor (3.3.5.3 - B)
* translation of user atexit -> __cxa_atexit(f, NULL, NULL) results in crashes
* on exit() after dlclose() of a library with an atexit() call.
*
* One way to resolve this is to always call second form of handler, which will
* result in storing unused argument in register/stack depending on architecture
* and should not present any problems.
*
* Another way is to make them dso-local in one way or the other.
*/
/*
* Function pointers are stored in a linked list of pages. The list
* is initially empty, and pages are allocated on demand. The first
* function pointer in the first allocated page (the last one in
* the linked list) was reserved for the cleanup function.
*
* Outside the following functions, all pages are mprotect()'ed
* to prevent unintentional/malicious corruption.
*/
/*
* Register a function to be performed at exit or when a shared object
* with the given dso handle is unloaded dynamically. Also used as
* the backend for atexit(). For more info on this API, see:
*
* http://www.codesourcery.com/cxx-abi/abi.html#dso-dtor
*/
int
__cxa_atexit(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, void *dso)
{
struct atexit *p = __atexit;
struct atexit::atexit_fn *fnp;
size_t pgsize = getpagesize();
int ret = -1;
if (pgsize < sizeof(*p))
return (-1);
_ATEXIT_LOCK();
p = __atexit;
if (p != NULL) {
if (p->ind + 1 >= p->max)
p = NULL;
else if (mprotect(p, pgsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE))
goto unlock;
}
if (p == NULL) {
p = (struct atexit *)mmap(NULL, pgsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
if (p == MAP_FAILED)
goto unlock;
if (__atexit == NULL) {
memset(&p->fns[0], 0, sizeof(p->fns[0]));
p->ind = 1;
} else
p->ind = 0;
p->max = (pgsize - ((char *)&p->fns[0] - (char *)p)) /
sizeof(p->fns[0]);
p->next = __atexit;
__atexit = p;
}
fnp = &p->fns[p->ind++];
fnp->cxa_func = func;
fnp->fn_arg = arg;
fnp->fn_dso = dso;
if (mprotect(p, pgsize, PROT_READ))
goto unlock;
ret = 0;
unlock:
_ATEXIT_UNLOCK();
return (ret);
}
/*
* Call all handlers registered with __cxa_atexit() for the shared
* object owning 'dso'.
* Note: if 'dso' is NULL, then all remaining handlers are called.
*/
void
__cxa_finalize(void *dso)
{
struct atexit *p, *q, *original_atexit;
struct atexit::atexit_fn fn;
int n, pgsize = getpagesize(), original_ind;
static int call_depth;
_ATEXIT_LOCK();
call_depth++;
p = original_atexit = __atexit;
n = original_ind = p != NULL ? p->ind : 0;
while (p != NULL) {
if (p->fns[n].cxa_func != NULL /* not called */
&& (dso == NULL || dso == p->fns[n].fn_dso)) { /* correct DSO */
/*
* Mark handler as having been already called to avoid
* dupes and loops, then call the appropriate function.
*/
fn = p->fns[n];
if (mprotect(p, pgsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE) == 0) {
p->fns[n].cxa_func = NULL;
mprotect(p, pgsize, PROT_READ);
}
_ATEXIT_UNLOCK();
(*fn.cxa_func)(fn.fn_arg);
_ATEXIT_LOCK();
// check for new atexit handlers
if ((__atexit->ind != original_ind) || (__atexit != original_atexit)) {
// need to restart now to preserve correct
// call order - LIFO
p = original_atexit = __atexit;
n = original_ind = p->ind;
continue;
}
}
if (n == 0) {
p = p->next;
n = p != NULL ? p->ind : 0;
} else {
--n;
}
}
--call_depth;
/*
* If called via exit(), unmap the pages since we have now run
* all the handlers. We defer this until calldepth == 0 so that
* we don't unmap things prematurely if called recursively.
*/
if (dso == NULL && call_depth == 0) {
for (p = __atexit; p != NULL; ) {
q = p;
p = p->next;
munmap(q, pgsize);
}
__atexit = NULL;
}
_ATEXIT_UNLOCK();
}
/*
* Register the cleanup function
*/
void
__atexit_register_cleanup(void (*func)(void))
{
struct atexit *p;
size_t pgsize = getpagesize();
if (pgsize < sizeof(*p))
return;
_ATEXIT_LOCK();
p = __atexit;
while (p != NULL && p->next != NULL)
p = p->next;
if (p == NULL) {
p = (struct atexit *)mmap(NULL, pgsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
if (p == MAP_FAILED)
goto unlock;
p->ind = 1;
p->max = (pgsize - ((char *)&p->fns[0] - (char *)p)) /
sizeof(p->fns[0]);
p->next = NULL;
__atexit = p;
} else {
if (mprotect(p, pgsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE))
goto unlock;
}
p->fns[0].cxa_func = (void (*)(void*))func;
p->fns[0].fn_arg = NULL;
p->fns[0].fn_dso = NULL;
mprotect(p, pgsize, PROT_READ);
unlock:
_ATEXIT_UNLOCK();
}
}
使用黄金链接不能包装任何C ++函数，例如memcpy像下面一样进入它并与--wrap=memcpy联系
#include <string.h>
/* some systems do not have newest memcpy@@GLIBC_2.14 - stay with old good one */
asm (".symver memcpy, memcpy@GLIBC_2.2.5");
void *__wrap_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n)
{
return memcpy(dest, src, n);
}
这适用于ld-bfd，但不适用于gold。原因是黄金包装了所有版本的符号，因此对memcpy的调用成为对__wrap_memcpy的调用，导致无限递归。有关详细信息，请参阅here。但就我而言，即使我使用__wrap_memcpy和__real_memcpy也无法工作，它仍会导致无限的游览。最后通过memmove实现__wrap_memcpy修复它。
#include <string.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
void *__wrap_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n)
{
return memmove(dest, src, n);
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
所以它包含包装的memcpy和独立的stdc +库。
静态链接stdc +库中的内存泄漏问题更多细节是here。
最可能的libstdc ++包含一些STB_GNU_UNIQUE符号，如果使用的话，它会阻止包含库的卸载（有关详细信息和示例，请参阅here或here）。
根据您的使用情况，有几种方法可以解决此问题，例如：
-fvisibility=hidden进行编译以隐藏所有libstdc ++符号，然后手动注释必须使用__attribute__((visibility("default")))从库中导出的符号（您也可以使用链接描述文件用于相同目的但不允许编译器优化代码）-Wl,-no-gnu-unique编译--disable-gnu-unique-object构建自定义GCC并使用它来编译您的库