Windows EC2 用户数据脚本未按预期工作

Question

我正在尝试从 EC2 实例分离 EBS 卷并将其附加到我正在使用 CloudFormation 模板 (YAML) 启动的新 EC2 实例。下面是用户数据部分。我使用超时命令为 EBS 卷提供时间以正确分离。 但是这个脚本在启动时没有正确地将卷附加到实例。

UserData: !Base64
        <script>
        aws ec2 detach-volume --instance-id i-05e13cbyrr78f75f7 --volume-id vol-0e5a92637c3dec929x --region us-east-1
        timeout /t 100
        for /F %%L in ('powershell Invoke-RestMethod -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id'') do (set "ID=%%L")
        aws ec2 attach-volume --volume-id vol-0e5a92637c3dec929x --instance-id %ID% --device xvdf --region us-east-1
        </script>

但是当我在实例启动并运行后运行与批处理文件相同的脚本时，它工作正常。 我在这里错过了什么？ UserdataExecution.log 表明，

2023/04/28 07:05:43Z: <script> tag was provided.. running script content
2023/04/28 07:06:14Z: Message: The errors from user data script: usage: 
Note: AWS CLI version 2, the latest major version of the AWS CLI, is now stable and recommended for general use. For more information, see the AWS CLI version 2 installation instructions at: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/install-cliv2.html

usage: aws [options] <command> <subcommand> [<subcommand> ...] [parameters]
To see help text, you can run:

  aws help
  aws <command> help
  aws <command> <subcommand> help
aws: error: argument --instance-id: expected one argument

2023/04/28 07:06:14Z: Message: The output from user data script: 
C:\Windows\system32>aws ec2 detach-volume --instance-id i-05e13cbyrr78f75f7 --volume-id vol-0e5a92637c3dec929x --region us-east-1 timeout /t 100 for /F %L in ('powershell Invoke-RestMethod -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id'') do (set "ID=%L") aws ec2 attach-volume --volume-id vol-0e5a92637c3dec929x --instance-id  --device xvdf --region us-east-1  

2023/04/28 07:06:14Z: User data script completed.

Answer 1

这里有一些通过 YAML 传递用户数据的例子。请注意，他们使用

!Sub |

可能会为您解决问题：

来自AWS CloudFormation UserData Example · GitHub:

UserData:
  Fn::Base64:
    !Sub |
      #!/bin/bash -xe
      yum update -y aws-cfn-bootstrap
      /opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v --stack ${AWS::StackName} --resource LaunchConfig --configsets wordpress_install --region ${AWS::Region}
      /opt/aws/bin/cfn-signal -e $? --stack ${AWS::StackName} --resource WebServerGroup --region ${AWS::Region}

来自amazon web服务-试图理解UserData脚本的Cloudformation语法-服务器故障：

UserData:
    Fn::Base64: !Sub |
      #!/bin/bash -xe
      # Pre-Bootstrap Configuration
      yum update -y
      yum install -y aws-cfn-bootstrap git docker
      usermod -a -G docker ec2-user
      systemctl enable docker
      systemctl start docker
      curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) -o /usr/bin/docker-compose
      chmod +x /usr/bin/docker-compose