ld：在 macOS Big Sur 11.4 Apple M1 上捆绑安装 mysql2 gem Ruby 时找不到 -lzstd 的库

Question

运行捆绑安装时

An error occurred while installing mysql2 (0.5.3), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'` succeeds before bundling.

Rails 应用程序 6.1.3

捆绑器版本 2.2.19

macOS 大苏尔 11.4

苹果M1

在 Gemfile 中

ruby '2.6.6'
gem 'rails', '~> 6.1.3', '>= 6.1.3.1'
gem 'mysql2'

在 Gemfile.lock 中 mysql 的版本为 0.5.3

当我运行

bundle install

时，它会正常崩溃：

检查输出中较早出现的构建错误，构建错误似乎是：（完整结果如下）

 ld: library not found for -lzstd

bundle install

的完整结果是

jason@MacBook-Air  % bundle install    
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/........
Using rake 13.0.3
Using concurrent-ruby 1.1.8
Using rack 2.2.3
Using nio4r 2.5.7
Using builder 3.2.4
Using marcel 1.0.1
Using mini_portile2 2.5.1
Using multi_json 1.15.0
Using method_source 1.0.0
Using crass 1.0.6
Using thor 1.1.0
Using public_suffix 4.0.6
Using execjs 2.7.0
Using aws-eventstream 1.1.1
Using aws-partitions 1.447.0
Using jmespath 1.4.0
Using bcrypt 3.1.16
Using betterlorem 0.1.2
Using bindex 0.8.1
Using msgpack 1.4.2
Using popper_js 1.16.0
Using ffi 1.15.0
Using tilt 2.0.10
Using bundler 2.2.19
Using byebug 11.1.3
Using regexp_parser 2.1.1
Using childprocess 3.0.0
Using connection_pool 2.2.5
Using rexml 3.2.5
Using orm_adapter 0.5.0
Using diff-lcs 1.4.4
Using unf_ext 0.0.7.7
Using docile 1.3.5
Using e2mmap 0.1.0
Using erubis 2.7.0
Using ffaker 2.18.0
Using finishing_moves 1.0.1
Using raabro 1.4.0
Using temple 0.8.2
Using sexp_processor 4.15.2
Using hashdiff 1.0.1
Using hiredis 0.6.3
Using honeybadger 4.8.0
Using kaminari-core 1.2.1
Using rb-fsevent 0.10.4
Using ruby_dep 1.5.0
Using ruby2_keywords 0.0.4
Fetching mysql2 0.5.3
Using minitest 5.14.4
Using zeitwerk 2.4.2
Using parslet 1.8.2
Using puma 3.12.6
Using rails_http_options 0.1.0
Using redis 4.2.5
Using rubyzip 2.3.0
Using semantic_range 3.0.0
Using rspec-support 3.10.2
Using simple-random 1.0.3
Using simplecov-html 0.12.3
Using simplecov_json_formatter 0.1.2
Using spring 2.1.1
Using sqlite3 1.4.2
Using stripe 5.32.1
Using vcr 6.0.0
Using i18n 1.8.10
Using tzinfo 2.0.4
Using rack-test 1.1.0
Using sprockets 3.7.2
Using warden 1.2.9
Using rack-attack 6.5.0
Using rack-cors 1.1.1
Using rack-protection 2.1.0
Using rack-proxy 0.6.5
Using sitemap_generator 6.1.2
Using addressable 2.7.0
Using autoprefixer-rails 10.2.4.0
Using aws-sigv4 1.2.3
Using bootsnap 1.7.4
Using sassc 2.4.0
Using crack 0.4.5
Using unf 0.1.4
Using haml 5.2.1
Using ruby_parser 3.15.1
Using rb-inotify 0.10.1
Using mustermann 1.1.1
Using thwait 0.2.0
Using sidekiq 6.2.1
Using websocket-extensions 0.1.5
Using activesupport 6.1.3.2
Using aws-sdk-core 3.114.0
Using simpleidn 0.2.1
Using et-orbi 1.2.4
Using faker 2.17.0
Using sass-listen 4.0.0
Using launchy 2.5.0
Using listen 3.1.5
Using rspec-core 3.10.1
Using rspec-expectations 3.10.1
Using rspec-mocks 3.10.2
Using selenium-webdriver 3.142.7
Using simplecov 0.21.2
Using sinatra 2.1.0
Using webmock 3.12.2
Using erubi 1.10.0
Using mini_mime 1.0.3
Using racc 1.5.2
Using ruby_http_client 3.5.2
Using nokogiri 1.11.3
Using websocket-driver 0.7.3
Using globalid 0.4.2
Using activemodel 6.1.3.2
Using mail 2.7.1
Using aws-sdk-kms 1.43.0
Using dnsruby 1.61.5
Using factory_bot 6.1.0
Using fugit 1.4.5
Using sass 3.7.4
Using jbuilder 2.11.2
Using rspec 3.10.0
Using sendgrid-ruby 6.4.0
Using shoulda-matchers 4.5.1
Using simplecov-rcov 0.2.3
Using split 3.4.1
Using spring-watcher-listen 2.0.1
Using rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
Using loofah 2.9.1
Using activejob 6.1.3.2
Using activerecord 6.1.3.2
Using aws-sdk-s3 1.93.1
Using xpath 3.2.0
Using html2haml 2.2.0
Using roo 2.8.3
Using rspec-wait 0.0.9
Using rufus-scheduler 3.7.0
Using webdrivers 4.6.0
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.3.0
Using sidekiq-scheduler 3.0.1
Using capybara 3.35.3
Using counter_culture 2.8.0
Using actionview 6.1.3.2
Using kaminari-activerecord 1.2.1
Using actionpack 6.1.3.2
Using kaminari-actionview 1.2.1
Using nonschema_migrations 5.0.2
Using actionmailer 6.1.3.2
Using railties 6.1.3.2
Using sprockets-rails 3.2.2
Using kaminari 1.2.1
Using activestorage 6.1.3.2
Using activerecord-session_store 2.0.0
Using font_awesome5_rails 1.4.0
Using actioncable 6.1.3.2
Using haml-rails 2.0.1
Using sass-rails 5.1.0
Using jquery-rails 4.4.0
Using rspec-rails 5.0.1
Using web-console 4.1.0
Using webpacker 5.2.1
Using actionmailbox 6.1.3.2
Using actiontext 6.1.3.2
Using sassc-rails 2.1.2
Using responders 3.0.1
Using bootstrap 4.4.1
Using rails 6.1.3.2
Using factory_bot_rails 6.1.0
Using devise 4.7.3
Using turbo-rails 0.5.9 from https://github.com/hotwired/turbo-rails.git (at main@2945dcb)
Using stimulus-rails 0.2.3
Using stripe-rails 2.3.0
Using universal-track-manager 0.6.1.alpha
Using paranoia 2.4.3
Using spf-query 0.1.5 from https://github.com/trailofbits/spf-query.git (at master@6dac502)
Installing mysql2 0.5.3 with native extensions
Using hot-glue 0.1.1
Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/jason/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/gems/mysql2-0.5.3/ext/mysql2
/Users/jason/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.6/bin/ruby -I /Users/jason/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.6/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0 -r
./siteconf20210604-8580-1kmtwzs.rb extconf.rb
checking for rb_absint_size()... yes
checking for rb_absint_singlebit_p()... yes
checking for rb_wait_for_single_fd()... yes
-----
Using mysql_config at /opt/homebrew/bin/mysql_config
-----
checking for mysql.h... yes
checking for errmsg.h... yes
checking for SSL_MODE_DISABLED in mysql.h... yes
checking for SSL_MODE_PREFERRED in mysql.h... yes
checking for SSL_MODE_REQUIRED in mysql.h... yes
checking for SSL_MODE_VERIFY_CA in mysql.h... yes
checking for SSL_MODE_VERIFY_IDENTITY in mysql.h... yes
checking for MYSQL.net.vio in mysql.h... yes
checking for MYSQL.net.pvio in mysql.h... no
checking for MYSQL_ENABLE_CLEARTEXT_PLUGIN in mysql.h... yes
checking for SERVER_QUERY_NO_GOOD_INDEX_USED in mysql.h... yes
checking for SERVER_QUERY_NO_INDEX_USED in mysql.h... yes
checking for SERVER_QUERY_WAS_SLOW in mysql.h... yes
checking for MYSQL_OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_ON in mysql.h... yes
checking for MYSQL_OPTION_MULTI_STATEMENTS_OFF in mysql.h... yes
checking for my_bool in mysql.h... no
-----
Don't know how to set rpath on your system, if MySQL libraries are not in path mysql2 may not load
-----
-----
Setting libpath to /opt/homebrew/Cellar/mysql/8.0.25_1/lib
-----
creating Makefile

current directory: /Users/jason/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/gems/mysql2-0.5.3/ext/mysql2
make "DESTDIR=" clean

current directory: /Users/jason/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/gems/mysql2-0.5.3/ext/mysql2
make "DESTDIR="
compiling client.c
compiling infile.c
compiling mysql2_ext.c
compiling result.c
compiling statement.c
linking shared-object mysql2/mysql2.bundle
ld: library not found for -lzstd
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [mysql2.bundle] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/jason/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/gems/mysql2-0.5.3 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/jason/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/extensions/-darwin-20/2.6.0/mysql2-0.5.3/gem_make.out

An error occurred while installing mysql2 (0.5.3), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'` succeeds before bundling.

In Gemfile:
  mysql2
jason@MacBook-Air  % 

我已经成功运行了

brew install mysql

...如果我再次运行它，它会告诉我：

警告：mysql 8.0.25_1 已安装并且是最新的。 要重新安装 8.0.25_1，请运行： 酿造重新安装mysql

Answer 1

第1步：

确认您已通过brew安装了openssl和MySQL

brew install mysql

brew install openssl

或者如果您有以前版本的 openssl 尝试

brew reinstall openssl@3

第2步：

在你的 Rails 应用程序上运行它，以确保你可以通过捆绑器：

gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' -- --with-opt-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl) --with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/opt/zstd/lib

有两点需要注意：

$(brew --prefix openssl)

动态替换评估里面的东西

$(...)

到你机器上的openssl目录。

/opt/homebrew/opt/zstd

实际上是您计算机上当前版本的 zstd 的 符号链接（链接到类似

/opt/homebrew/opt/Cellar/zstd/1.5.2

的内容）

第3步：

如果您想在全球范围内使用此命令，请运行以下命令：

bundle config --global build.mysql2 "--with-opt-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl) --with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/opt/zstd/lib"

请注意，这将更改您的

~/.bundler/config

文件，然后全局应用于捆绑器

Answer 2

尝试在 M1 上安装 mysql2 -v 0.4.1 时遇到同样的错误
--已解决--

brew install zstd

which zstd                                                                                             

我的路径是 -> /opt/homebrew/bin/zstd
你需要检查 zstd 链接自哪里

cd /opt/homebrew/bin
ls -la

zstd -> ../Cellar/zstd/1.5.0/bin/zstd
所以你需要获取 zstd lib 的路径，我的是：

/opt/homebrew/Cellar/zstd/1.5.0/lib

然后用一些魔法做经典组合

bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/zstd/1.5.0/lib"
bundle install

gem list my                                                                                                 

*** LOCAL GEMS ***

mysql2 (0.4.10)

Answer 3

这就是我在 M1 上的工作。

首先确保你安装了 mysql 和 openssl with Homebrew

brew install mysql
brew install openssl

然后手动设置这些值以安装 mysql2。我的 zstd 路径与 Octocat 相同，因此请务必遵循他们的说明并适当更改 --with-ldflags 选项。

bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix openssl) --with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/zstd/1.5.0/lib""

Answer 4

我在 M1 芯片上使用 MacOS 11.6 (Big Sur) 时就发生过这种情况。

尝试

brew install mysql

然后

gem install mysql2 -- --with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix zstd)"

这对我有用。

如果有效，则使用它来配置 Bundler 来为您执行此操作（在此目录中，即“本地”）：

bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-opt-dir="$(brew --prefix zstd)""

然后

bundle install

应该可以工作。

Answer 5

在 ruby 3.3.0 上我配置如下：

bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-opt-dir="#(brew --prefix zstd)" --with-ldflags=-L"$(brew --prefix zstd)"/lib"

我必须同时设置

--with-opt-dir

和

--with-ldflags

并且它有效。