使用Python中的列表解码文本文件

问题描述 投票:0回答:2

我编码了这句话:

这是一个了不起的“摘要”,而这是这个惊人的摘要的结尾。

对此:

1 2 3 4“ 5” 6 7:2 8 9 10 7 4 5。

相应的索引表(作为文本文件)为:

word,index
This,1
is,2
an,3
amazing,4
abstract,5
AND,6
this,7
the,8
end,9
of,10

现在我要从这些数字开始:'1 2 3 4“ 5” 6 7:2 8 9 10 7 4 5.'到使用索引表的相应单词。

我使用此代码以切片列表形式打开索引表文本文件:

index_file = open("decompress.txt", "r")

content_index = index_file.read().split()
print(content_index)

输出:

['word,index', 'This,1', 'is,2', 'an,3', 'amazing,4', 'abstract,5', 'AND,6', 'this,7', 'the,8', 'end,9', 'of,10']

然后我使用此代码将每个元素切成新列表:

for line in content_index:
    fields = line.split(",")

输出:

['word', 'index']
['This', '1']
['is', '2']
['an', '3']
['amazing', '4']
['abstract', '5']
['AND', '6']
['this', '7']
['the', '8']
['end', '9']
['of', '10']

我尝试使用fields [0]和fields [1]和for循环解码数字,但没有成功。任何帮助将不胜感激!

python list encoding decoding
2个回答
0
投票

首先,最好使用dict并替换您的代码:

for line in content_index:
    fields = line.split(",")

至:

fields = {}
for line in content_index:
    word, number = line.split(',')
    fields[number] = word

然后,您可以使用正则表达式轻松地用任何其他字符串替换特定模式(在您的情况下为数字)。查找数字的正则表达式为\d+,其中\d表示digit+表示one or more因此:

import re

original_string = ' 1 2 3 4 "5" 6 7: 2 8 9 10 7 4 5. '

def replacement(match):
    """
    This function accepts regular expression match and returns corresponding replacement if it's found in `fields`
    """
    return fields.get(match.group(0), '')  # Learn more about match groups at `re` documentation.

result = re.sub(r'\d+', replacement, original_string)  # This line will iterate through original string, calling `replacement` for each number in this string, substituting return value to string.

所以最终代码将是:

import re

fields = {}

with open('decompress.txt') as f:
    for line in f.readlines():
        word, number = line.split(',')
        fields[number] = word

original_string = ' 1 2 3 4 "5" 6 7: 2 8 9 10 7 4 5. '

def replacement(match):
    """
    This function accepts regular expression match and returns corresponding replacement if it's found in `fields`
    """
    return fields.get(match.group(0), '')

result = re.sub(r'\d+', replacement, original_string)
print(result)

您可以在有关re库的Python文档中了解有关正则表达式的更多信息。这是用于文本处理和解析的非常强大的工具。


0
投票

对于这种情况,您可以使用re module和多个comprehensions中的正则表达式。

在第一次导入时,将所有行都列出:

import re

with open('decompress.txt') as f:
    lines = f.readlines()
#>> lines
# ['word,index\n', 'This,1\n', 'is,2\n', 'an,3\n', 'amazing,4\n', 
#  'abstract,5\n', 'AND,6\n', 'this,7\n', 'the,8\n', 'end,9\n', 'of,10']

在此之后,将re.search与模式(.*)一起使用-选择任何方式,,-昏迷前,然后选择(\d+)-比其后一些数字。在这种情况下,请跳过文档的第一行。

parsed_lines = [re.search(r'(.*),(\d+)', line) for line in lines if 'index' not in line]

最后,创建一个字典,索引为键,文本为值。

fields = {int(line_match.group(2)): line_match.group(1) for line_match in parsed_lines}
# {1: 'This', 2: 'is', 3: 'an', 4: 'amazing', 5: 'abstract', 
#  6: 'AND', 7: 'this', 8: 'the', 9: 'end', 10: 'of'}

UPD:或在第二步中列出:

parsed_lines = [re.search(r'(.*),\d+', line).group(1) for line in lines if 'index' not in line]
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