将Throwable.getStackTrace()的结果转换为描述堆栈跟踪的字符串的最简单方法是什么？
可以使用以下方法将Exception堆栈跟踪转换为String。这个类在Apache commons-lang中可用，它是最常见的依赖库，有许多流行的开源
org.apache.commons.lang.exception.ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(Throwable)
这是一个可以直接复制到代码中的版本：
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
//Two lines of code to get the exception into a StringWriter
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
new Throwable().printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
//And to actually print it
logger.info("Current stack trace is:\n" + sw.toString());
或者，在一个捕获块中
} catch (Throwable t) {
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
t.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
logger.info("Current stack trace is:\n" + sw.toString());
}
将堆栈跟踪打印到字符串
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
public class StackTraceUtils {
public static String stackTraceToString(StackTraceElement[] stackTrace) {
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
printStackTrace(stackTrace, new PrintWriter(sw));
return sw.toString();
}
public static void printStackTrace(StackTraceElement[] stackTrace, PrintWriter pw) {
for(StackTraceElement stackTraceEl : stackTrace) {
pw.println(stackTraceEl);
}
}
}
当你想要打印当前的线程堆栈跟踪而不创建Throwable的实例时，这很有用 - 但请注意，创建新的Throwable并从中获取堆栈跟踪实际上比调用Thread.getStackTrace更快，更便宜。
Arrays.toString(thrown.getStackTrace())
是将结果转换为String的最简单方法我在程序中使用它来打印堆栈跟踪
LOGGER.log(Level.SEVERE, "Query Builder Issue Stack Trace : {0} ,Message : {1} objid {2}", new Object[]{Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace()), e.getMessage(),objId});
将stacktrace打印到PrintStream，然后将其转换为String
// ...
catch (Exception e)
{
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
e.printStackTrace(new PrintStream(out));
String str = new String(out.toByteArray());
System.out.println(str);
}
扩展Throwable类将为您提供String属性error.stackTraceString：
val Throwable.stackTraceString: String
get() {
val sw = StringWriter()
val pw = PrintWriter(sw)
this.printStackTrace(pw)
return sw.toString()
}
private String getCurrentStackTraceString() {
StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
return Arrays.stream(stackTrace).map(StackTraceElement::toString)
.collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
}
第一组评论中的聪明狙击是非常有趣的，但这实际上取决于你想要做什么。如果你还没有正确的库，那么3行代码（如在D. Wroblewski的答案中）是完美的。 OTOH，如果你已经有了apache.commons库（就像大多数大型项目那样），那么Amar的答案就更短了。好的，你可能需要十分钟才能获得库并正确安装（如果你知道你在做什么的话，不到一个）。但是时间在流逝，所以你可能没有时间。 JarekPrzygódzki有一个有趣的警告 - “如果你不需要嵌套异常”。
但是，如果我确实需要完整的堆栈跟踪，嵌套和所有？在这种情况下，秘诀是使用apache.common的getFullStackTrace（参见http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-lang/javadocs/api-2.6/org/apache/commons/lang/exception/ExceptionUtils.html#getFullStackTrace%28java.lang.Throwable%29）
它救了我的培根。谢谢，阿玛，提示！
来自Apache Commons Lang 3.4（JavaDoc）的代码：
public static String getStackTrace(final Throwable throwable) {
final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
final PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw, true);
throwable.printStackTrace(pw);
return sw.getBuffer().toString();
}
与其他答案的不同之处在于它在autoFlush上使用PrintWriter。
如果没有java.io.*，就可以这样做。
String trace = e.toString() + "\n";
for (StackTraceElement e1 : e.getStackTrace()) {
trace += "\t at " + e1.toString() + "\n";
}
然后trace变量保存您的堆栈跟踪。输出也保持最初的原因，输出与printStackTrace()相同
例如，printStackTrace()产量：
java.io.FileNotFoundException: / (Is a directory)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open0(Native Method)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(FileOutputStream.java:270)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:213)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:101)
at Test.main(Test.java:9)
trace字符串在打印到stdout时保留
java.io.FileNotFoundException: / (Is a directory)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open0(Native Method)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(FileOutputStream.java:270)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:213)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:101)
at Test.main(Test.java:9)
如果您使用的是Java 8，请尝试此操作
Arrays.stream(e.getStackTrace())
.map(s->s.toString())
.collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
你可以找到Throwable.java提供的getStackTrace（）函数的代码：
public StackTraceElement[] getStackTrace() {
return getOurStackTrace().clone();
}
对于StackTraceElement，它将toString提供为：
public String toString() {
return getClassName() + "." + methodName +
(isNativeMethod() ? "(Native Method)" :
(fileName != null && lineNumber >= 0 ?
"(" + fileName + ":" + lineNumber + ")" :
(fileName != null ? "("+fileName+")" : "(Unknown Source)")));
}
所以只需使用“\ n”加入StackTraceElement
使用Throwable.printStackTrace(PrintWriter pw)将堆栈跟踪发送给适当的编写器。
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
// ...
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
e.printStackTrace(pw);
String sStackTrace = sw.toString(); // stack trace as a string
System.out.println(sStackTrace);
对Gala的回答进行扩展，其中还包括异常的原因：
private String extrapolateStackTrace(Exception ex) {
Throwable e = ex;
String trace = e.toString() + "\n";
for (StackTraceElement e1 : e.getStackTrace()) {
trace += "\t at " + e1.toString() + "\n";
}
while (e.getCause() != null) {
e = e.getCause();
trace += "Cause by: " + e.toString() + "\n";
for (StackTraceElement e1 : e.getStackTrace()) {
trace += "\t at " + e1.toString() + "\n";
}
}
return trace;
}
我的oneliner将堆栈跟踪转换为包含的多行字符串：
Stream.of(e.getStackTrace()).map((a) -> a.toString()).collect(Collectors.joining("\n", "[", "]"))
很容易“按原样”传递给记录器。
解决方案是将数组的stackTrace转换为字符串数据类型。请参阅以下示例：
import java.util.Arrays;
try{
}catch(Exception ex){
String stack = Arrays.toString(ex.getStackTrace());
System.out.println("stack "+ stack);
}
比例版
def stackTraceToString(e: Exception): String = {
import java.io.PrintWriter
val sw = new StringWriter()
e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw))
sw.toString
}
如果你不想使用外部库并且你没有开发for Android，你可以像这样创建一个'extension' method：
public static String getStackTraceString(Throwable e) {
return getStackTraceString(e, "");
}
private static String getStackTraceString(Throwable e, String indent) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(e.toString());
sb.append("\n");
StackTraceElement[] stack = e.getStackTrace();
if (stack != null) {
for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stack) {
sb.append(indent);
sb.append("\tat ");
sb.append(stackTraceElement.toString());
sb.append("\n");
}
}
Throwable[] suppressedExceptions = e.getSuppressed();
// Print suppressed exceptions indented one level deeper.
if (suppressedExceptions != null) {
for (Throwable throwable : suppressedExceptions) {
sb.append(indent);
sb.append("\tSuppressed: ");
sb.append(getStackTraceString(throwable, indent + "\t"));
}
}
Throwable cause = e.getCause();
if (cause != null) {
sb.append(indent);
sb.append("Caused by: ");
sb.append(getStackTraceString(cause, indent));
}
return sb.toString();
}
老问题，但我想添加特殊情况，你不想打印所有堆栈，删除一些你实际上不感兴趣的部分，不包括某些类或包。
而不是PrintWriter使用SelectivePrintWriter：
// This filters out this package and up.
String packageNameToFilter = "org.springframework";
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
PrintWriter pw = new SelectivePrintWriter(sw, packageNameToFilter);
e.printStackTrace(pw);
String sStackTrace = sw.toString();
System.out.println(sStackTrace);
SelectivePrintWriter类由下式给出：
public class SelectivePrintWriter extends PrintWriter {
private boolean on = true;
private static final String AT = "\tat";
private String internal;
public SelectivePrintWriter(Writer out, String packageOrClassName) {
super(out);
internal = "\tat " + packageOrClassName;
}
public void println(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof String) {
String txt = (String) obj;
if (!txt.startsWith(AT)) on = true;
else if (txt.startsWith(internal)) on = false;
if (on) super.println(txt);
} else {
super.println(obj);
}
}
}
请注意，此类可能很容易通过Regex，contains或其他标准进行过滤。另请注意，它取决于Throwable实现细节（不太可能改变，但仍然）。
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
public class PrintStackTrace {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int division = 0 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
String exceptionAsString = sw.toString();
System.out.println(exceptionAsString);
}
}
}
运行程序时，输出类似于：
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at PrintStackTrace.main(PrintStackTrace.java:9)
警告：这可能有点偏离主题，但是很好......;）
我不知道原始海报的原因是首先想要将堆栈跟踪作为字符串。当堆栈跟踪应该在SLF4J / Logback LOG中结束时，但是没有或者应该抛出异常，这就是我所做的：
public void remove(List<String> ids) {
if(ids == null || ids.isEmpty()) {
LOG.warn(
"An empty list (or null) was passed to {}.remove(List). " +
"Clearly, this call is unneccessary, the caller should " +
"avoid making it. A stacktrace follows.",
getClass().getName(),
new Throwable ("Stacktrace")
);
return;
}
// actual work, remove stuff
}
我喜欢它，因为它不需要外部库（除了你的日志记录后端，当然，大多数时候它都将在适当的位置使用）。
几个选项
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
String exceptionAsString = sw.toString();String stackTrace = Throwables.getStackTraceAsString ( myException ) ;
我刚才为此写过一些方法，所以我想为什么不把这两分钱扔给它。
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceElementsToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements) {
return stackTraceElementsToStr(stackTraceElements, "\n");
}
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceElementsToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator) {
return stackTraceElementsToStr(stackTraceElements, lineSeparator, "");
}
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceElementsToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
String str = "";
if(stackTraceElements != null) {
for(StackTraceElement stackTrace : stackTraceElements) {
str += padding + (!stackTrace.toString().startsWith("Caused By") ? "\tat " : "") + stackTrace.toString() + lineSeparator;
}
}
return str;
}
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements) {
return stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(stackTraceElements, "\n");
}
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator) {
return stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(stackTraceElements, lineSeparator, "");
}
/** @param stackTraceElements The elements to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
* @return The resulting string */
public static final String stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
String str = "";
if(stackTraceElements != null) {
for(StackTraceElement stackTrace : stackTraceElements) {
str += (!stackTrace.toString().startsWith("Caused By") ? "" : padding + stackTrace.toString() + lineSeparator);
}
}
return str;
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStrNoStackTraces(Throwable e) {
return throwableToStrNoStackTraces(e, "\n");
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStrNoStackTraces(Throwable e, String lineSeparator) {
return throwableToStrNoStackTraces(e, lineSeparator, "");
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStrNoStackTraces(Throwable e, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
if(e == null) {
return "null";
}
String str = e.getClass().getName() + ": ";
if((e.getMessage() != null) && !e.getMessage().isEmpty()) {
str += e.getMessage() + lineSeparator;
} else {
str += lineSeparator;
}
str += padding + stackTraceCausedByElementsOnlyToStr(e.getStackTrace(), lineSeparator, padding);
for(Throwable suppressed : e.getSuppressed()) {
str += padding + throwableToStrNoStackTraces(suppressed, lineSeparator, padding + "\t");
}
Throwable cause = e.getCause();
while(cause != null) {
str += padding + "Caused by:" + lineSeparator + throwableToStrNoStackTraces(e.getCause(), lineSeparator, padding);
cause = cause.getCause();
}
return str;
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStr(Throwable e) {
return throwableToStr(e, "\n");
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStr(Throwable e, String lineSeparator) {
return throwableToStr(e, lineSeparator, "");
}
/** @param e The {@link Throwable} to convert
* @param lineSeparator The line separator to use
* @param padding The string to be used at the start of each line
* @return The resulting String */
public static final String throwableToStr(Throwable e, String lineSeparator, String padding) {
if(e == null) {
return "null";
}
String str = padding + e.getClass().getName() + ": ";
if((e.getMessage() != null) && !e.getMessage().isEmpty()) {
str += e.getMessage() + lineSeparator;
} else {
str += lineSeparator;
}
str += padding + stackTraceElementsToStr(e.getStackTrace(), lineSeparator, padding);
for(Throwable suppressed : e.getSuppressed()) {
str += padding + "Suppressed: " + throwableToStr(suppressed, lineSeparator, padding + "\t");
}
Throwable cause = e.getCause();
while(cause != null) {
str += padding + "Caused by:" + lineSeparator + throwableToStr(e.getCause(), lineSeparator, padding);
cause = cause.getCause();
}
return str;
}
例：
try(InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file)) {
...
} catch(IOException e) {
String exceptionToString = throwableToStr(e);
someLoggingUtility.println(exceptionToString);
...
}
打印：
java.io.FileNotFoundException: C:\test.txt (The system cannot find the file specified)
at java.io.FileInputStream.open0(Native Method)
at java.io.FileInputStream.open(Unknown Source)
at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(Unknown Source)
at com.gmail.br45entei.Example.main(Example.java:32)
这应该工作：
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
String exceptionAsString = sw.toString();
如果您正在为Android开发，更简单的方法是使用它：
import android.util.Log;
String stackTrace = Log.getStackTraceString(exception);
格式与getStacktrace相同，例如
09-24 16:09:07.042: I/System.out(4844): java.lang.NullPointerException 09-24 16:09:07.042: I/System.out(4844): at com.temp.ttscancel.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:43) 09-24 16:09:07.042: I/System.out(4844): at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5248) 09-24 16:09:07.043: I/System.out(4844): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1110) 09-24 16:09:07.043: I/System.out(4844): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2162) 09-24 16:09:07.043: I/System.out(4844): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2257) 09-24 16:09:07.043: I/System.out(4844): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:139) 09-24 16:09:07.043: I/System.out(4844): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1210) 09-24 16:09:07.043: I/System.out(4844): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102) 09-24 16:09:07.043: I/System.out(4844): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136) 09-24 16:09:07.044: I/System.out(4844): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5097) 09-24 16:09:07.044: I/System.out(4844): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 09-24 16:09:07.044: I/System.out(4844): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515) 09-24 16:09:07.044: I/System.out(4844): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:785) 09-24 16:09:07.044: I/System.out(4844): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:601)
Throwables class如果您有实际的Throwable实例，Google Guava提供Throwables.getStackTraceAsString()。
例：
String s = Throwables.getStackTraceAsString ( myException ) ;
警告：不包括原因（通常是有用的位！）
public String stackTraceToString(Throwable e) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (StackTraceElement element : e.getStackTrace()) {
sb.append(element.toString());
sb.append("\n");
}
return sb.toString();
}
对我来说，最干净，最简单的方法是：
import java.util.Arrays;
Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace());
public static String getStackTrace(Throwable t) {
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
t.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
return sw.toString();
}
以下代码允许您使用String格式获取整个stackTrace，而无需使用log4J甚至java.util.Logger等API：
catch (Exception e) {
StackTraceElement[] stack = e.getStackTrace();
String exception = "";
for (StackTraceElement s : stack) {
exception = exception + s.toString() + "\n\t\t";
}
System.out.println(exception);
// then you can send the exception string to a external file.
}