我是C的学生和初学者。我想在C linux中使用消息队列实现双向通信。我需要两个队列或只需要一个才能完成这项任务吗？
另外我想知道我可以将数据（以代码显示）发送到另一个进程，或者我需要将其声明为字符数组。
typedef struct msg1
{
int mlen;
char *data;
}M1;
typedef struct msgbuf
{
long mtype;
M1 *m;
} message_buf;
提前致谢 ：）
Also I would like to know can I send data(shown in code) to another process or i need to declare it as a character array
是的，您可以将数据发送到另一个进程
喜欢
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAXSIZE 128
void die(char *s)
{
perror(s);
exit(1);
}
struct msgbuf
{
long mtype;
char mtext[MAXSIZE];
};
main()
{
int msqid;
int msgflg = IPC_CREAT | 0666;
key_t key;
struct msgbuf sbuf;
size_t buflen;
key = 1234;
if ((msqid = msgget(key, msgflg )) < 0) //Get the message queue ID for the given key
die("msgget");
//Message Type
sbuf.mtype = 1;
printf("Enter a message to add to message queue : ");
scanf("%[^\n]",sbuf.mtext);
getchar();
buflen = strlen(sbuf.mtext) + 1 ;
if (msgsnd(msqid, &sbuf, buflen, IPC_NOWAIT) < 0)
{
printf ("%d, %d, %s, %d\n", msqid, sbuf.mtype, sbuf.mtext, buflen);
die("msgsnd");
}
else
printf("Message Sent\n");
exit(0);
}
//IPC_msgq_rcv.c
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAXSIZE 128
void die(char *s)
{
perror(s);
exit(1);
}
typedef struct msgbuf
{
long mtype;
char mtext[MAXSIZE];
} ;
main()
{
int msqid;
key_t key;
struct msgbuf rcvbuffer;
key = 1234;
if ((msqid = msgget(key, 0666)) < 0)
die("msgget()");
//Receive an answer of message type 1.
if (msgrcv(msqid, &rcvbuffer, MAXSIZE, 1, 0) < 0)
die("msgrcv");
printf("%s\n", rcvbuffer.mtext);
exit(0);
}
如果您了解消息队列，则Message Queue用于进程间通信。
此外，对于多个进程之间的双向通信，您需要多个消息队列
这是我写的一个消息队列，我可以在任何一个多线程程序中包含它。在进程之间，您可以使用套接字或mqueue.h，但是我设计的这个轻量级消息队列库可以创建奇迹。
这是“messaging.h”头文件。
// messaging.h
//
// Created by Justin Jack on 11/2/17.
// Copyright © 2017 Justin Jack. All rights reserved.
// This code may be freely distributed for personal and business
// use. Additional credits may be added, but the original author
// information musy stay part of this code.
//
#ifndef messaging_h
#define messaging_h
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define MAX_JMESSAGES 2000
#define JMSG_INIT_QUEUE_SIZE 100
#define JMSG_EMPTY_QUEUE -1
//#define QUEUE_DEBUG
static pthread_mutex_t messagelock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
typedef enum _jmessages {
JMSG_QUIT = 1, // 1
JMSG_CHANGE, // 2
JMSG_FAILURE, // 3
JMSG_CONTINUE, // 4
JMSG_DRAW, // 5
JMSG_CUSTOM1, // 6
JMSG_CUSTOM2, // 7
JMSG_CUSTOM3, // 8
MSG_CUSTOM4, // 9
JMSG_CUSTOM5, // 10
JMSG_CUSTOM6, // 11
JMSG_CUSTOM7, // 12
JMSG_CUSTOM8, // 13
JMSG_CUSTOM9, // 14
JMSG_CUSTOM10 // 15
} JMESSAGES;
/* Returned by popmessage() */
typedef enum jmsg_returns {
JMSG_NOMESSAGE, // 0
JMSG_MOREMESSAGES, // 1
JMSG_LASTMESSAGE, // 2
JMSG_TIMEOUT // 3
} JMSG_RETURN;
typedef enum jmsg_errors {
JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND = -1,
JMSG_OKAY, // 0
JMSG_QUEUEFULL, // 1
JMSG_OUTOFMEMORY // 2
} JMSG_ERROR;
typedef struct jmessage {
unsigned long long message;
unsigned long long value1;
unsigned long long value2;
union _mptr {
void *voidptr;
char *charptr;
unsigned int *uintptr;
int *intptr;
double *doubleptr;
float *floatptr;
unsigned long long *lluptr;
long long *llptr;
short *shortptr;
unsigned short *ushortptr;
} ptr;
int pointerlength;
int needtofreepointer;
pthread_t fromthread;
const char *fromthreadname;
} JMESSAGE;
typedef struct jqueue {
pthread_t owningthreadid;
char semname[20];
char threadname[100];
sem_t *messagesignal;
int queuesize;
JMESSAGE *jmessagelist;
int lastfulljmessage;
struct jqueue *next;
struct jqueue *previous;
} JQUEUE;
static JQUEUE *jqueue = 0;
/* Creates a messagequeue for the current thread */
int createmessagequeue( char *description );
/* Destroys the message queue on this thread */
int destroymessagequeue();
/* Sends the message in JMESSAGE *jmsg to another thread */
int pushmessage( JMESSAGE *jmsg, pthread_t to_thread_id );
/* Checks for a message waiting for this queue. If found,
it populates the message in the JMESSAGE * parameter passed.
Returns:
--------
JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND (No call to createmessagequeue()
JMSG_EMPTY_QUEUE (The message queue was empty)
JMSG_MOREMESSAGES (You should loop while you get this)
JMSG_LASTMESSAGE (The last message on the stack)
*/
int popmessage( JMESSAGE *jmsg );
/* A blocking version of popmessage() */
int waitmessage( JMESSAGE *jmsg );
/* Internal Functions, public use not needed */
static int lockit();
static int unlockit();
static int popmessagenosem( JMESSAGE *jmsg );
#endif /* messaging_h */
这是“messaging.c”源文件：
//
// messaging.c
// DeedleCore
//
// Created by Justin Jack on 11/2/17.
// Copyright © 2017 Justin Jack. All rights reserved.
//
#include "messaging.h"
static int lockit() {
int x= 0;
pthread_t callingthreadid = pthread_self();
x = pthread_mutex_lock(&messagelock);
#ifdef QUEUE_DEBUG
if (x != 0 ) {
printf("lockit(%lld) failed to lock mutex.\n", callingthreadid);
switch (x) {
case EINVAL:
printf("\t\tEINVAL:The mutex was created with the protocol attribute having the value PTHREAD_PRIO_PROTECT and the calling thread's priority is higher than the mutex's current priority ceiling.\n");
break;
case EBUSY:
printf("\t\tEBUSY:The mutex could not be acquired because it was already locked.\n");
break;
case EAGAIN:
printf("\t\tEAGAIN:The mutex could not be acquired because the maximum number of recursive locks for mutex has been exceeded.\n");
break;
case EDEADLK:
printf("\t\tEDEADLK:The current thread already owns the mutex.\n");
break;
case EPERM:
printf("\t\tEPERM:The current thread does not own the mutex.\n");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
#endif
return x;
}
static int unlockit() {
int x = 0;
pthread_t callingthreadid = pthread_self();
x = pthread_mutex_unlock(&messagelock);
#ifdef QUEUE_DEBUG
if (x) {
printf("\tunlockit(&lld) failed to unlock mutex.\n", callingthreadid);
}
#endif
return x;
}
static char *getthreadname( pthread_t idnum ) {
static char retval[] = "";
JQUEUE *jq = jqueue;
if (!jq) return retval;
lockit();
do {
if (jq->owningthreadid == idnum) {
unlockit();
return jq->threadname;
}
jq = jq->next;
} while (jq);
unlockit();
return retval;
}
int createmessagequeue( char *description ) {
int retval = JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND;
JQUEUE *jq = jqueue;
pthread_t callingthreadid = pthread_self();
pthread_mutexattr_t ptt;
if (!jq) {
#ifdef QUEUE_DEBUG
printf("messaging.c > Initializing Messaging System ********************** \n");
#endif
pthread_mutexattr_init(&ptt);
#ifdef PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE_NP
pthread_mutexattr_settype(&ptt, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE_NP);
#else
pthread_mutexattr_settype(&ptt, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
#endif
pthread_mutex_init(&messagelock, &ptt);
lockit();
jqueue = calloc(1, sizeof(JQUEUE));
if (jqueue) {
jqueue->jmessagelist = calloc(JMSG_INIT_QUEUE_SIZE, sizeof(JMESSAGE));
if (jqueue->jmessagelist) {
jqueue->queuesize = JMSG_INIT_QUEUE_SIZE;
jqueue->owningthreadid = callingthreadid;
jqueue->lastfulljmessage = JMSG_EMPTY_QUEUE;
if (description) {
if (strlen(description) < 100) {
sprintf(jqueue->threadname, "%s", description);
} else {
sprintf(jqueue->threadname, "%.*s", 99, description);
}
}
sprintf(jqueue->semname, "SEM%d", (int)callingthreadid);
jqueue->messagesignal = sem_open(jqueue->semname, O_CREAT, 0644, 0);
#ifdef QUEUE_DEBUG
printf("messaging.c > Message queue set up for \"%s\" (%lld).\n ", jqueue->threadname, callingthreadid);
#endif
retval = JMSG_OKAY;
} else {
free(jqueue);
jqueue = 0;
retval = JMSG_OUTOFMEMORY;
}
} else {
retval = JMSG_OUTOFMEMORY;
}
} else {
lockit();
do {
if (jq->owningthreadid == callingthreadid) {
retval = JMSG_OKAY;
break;
}
if (jq->next == 0) {
jq->next = calloc(1, sizeof(JQUEUE));
if (jq->next) {
jq->next->jmessagelist = calloc(JMSG_INIT_QUEUE_SIZE, sizeof(JMESSAGE));
if (jq->next->jmessagelist) {
jq->next->previous = jq;
jq->next->queuesize = JMSG_INIT_QUEUE_SIZE;
jq->next->owningthreadid = callingthreadid;
jq->next->lastfulljmessage = JMSG_EMPTY_QUEUE;
sprintf(jq->next->semname, "SEM%d", (int)callingthreadid);
if (description) {
if (strlen(description) < 100) {
sprintf(jq->next->threadname, "%s", description);
} else {
sprintf(jq->next->threadname, "%.*s", 99, description);
}
}
#ifdef QUEUE_DEBUG
printf("messaging.c > Message queue set up for \"%s\" (%lld).\n ", jq->next->threadname, callingthreadid);
#endif
jq->next->messagesignal = sem_open(jq->next->semname, O_CREAT, S_IRWXU, 0);
retval = JMSG_OKAY;
} else {
free(jq);
jq = 0;
retval = JMSG_OUTOFMEMORY;
}
}
break;
}
jq = jq->next;
} while (jq);
}
unlockit();
return retval;
}
int destroymessagequeue() {
int i = 0, retval = JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND;
JQUEUE *jq = jqueue;
JMESSAGE *jm = 0;
pthread_t callingthreadid = pthread_self();
lockit();
if (jq) {
/*
* Search for messages waiting to be delivered that are from THIS
* QUEUE that we're destroying. We need to replace the pointer that
* is pointing to the name of this queue with a generic (const char *)
* saying "(dead queue)" so we don't get an invalid memory read when
* it's delivered.
*
*/
do {
if (jq->owningthreadid != callingthreadid) {
for (i = 0; i <= jq->lastfulljmessage; i++) {
jm = &jq->jmessagelist[i];
if (jm->fromthread == callingthreadid) {
jm->fromthreadname = "(dead queue)";
}
}
}
jq = jq->next;
} while (jq);
/* Reset jq, find this queue and destroy it */
jq = jqueue;
do {
if (jq->owningthreadid == callingthreadid) {
/* Found the queue */
retval = JMSG_OKAY;
#ifdef QUEUE_DEBUG
printf("messaging.c > Destroying message queue for \"%s\" (%lld)\n", jq->threadname, jq->owningthreadid);
#endif
/*
Free any internal pointers that were supposed
to be freed after retrieval.
*/
for (i = 0; i <= jq->lastfulljmessage; i++) {
sem_wait(jq->messagesignal);
if (jq->jmessagelist[i].needtofreepointer) {
free(jq->jmessagelist[i].ptr.charptr);
}
}
/* Free the queue messages */
free(jq->jmessagelist);
sem_unlink(jq->semname);
/* Unlink the queue */
if (jq->previous) { /* If this isn't the first element */
jq->previous->next = jq->next;
if (jq->next) {
jq->next->previous = jq->previous;
}
} else {
if (jq->next) {
jq->next->previous = 0;
}
}
free(jq);
break;
}
jq = jq->next;
} while (jq);
}
unlockit();
return retval;
}
int pushmessage( JMESSAGE *jmsg, pthread_t to_thread_id ) {
int queuespotsleft = 0, retval = JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND;
JQUEUE *jq = jqueue;
JMESSAGE *jm = 0, *newjmqueue;
pthread_t callingthreadid = pthread_self();
if (!jq) {
return JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND;
}
lockit();
do {
if (jq->owningthreadid == to_thread_id) {
if (jq->lastfulljmessage == JMSG_EMPTY_QUEUE) {
jq->lastfulljmessage = 0;
jm = &jq->jmessagelist[0];
} else {
if (jq->lastfulljmessage + 1 > MAX_JMESSAGES) {
/* We have too many messages backed up */
unlockit();
return JMSG_QUEUEFULL;
}
if (jq->lastfulljmessage + 1 > (jq->queuesize - 1)) {
/*
* We're getting backed up, we need to allocate more
* space. This is slowly moving the allocated message
* queue memory for this thread towards the MAX_JMESSAGES
*
*/
queuespotsleft = MAX_JMESSAGES - (jq->lastfulljmessage + 1);
if (queuespotsleft > 50) queuespotsleft = 50;
if (queuespotsleft > 0) {
newjmqueue = realloc(jq->jmessagelist, ((jq->lastfulljmessage + 1) * sizeof(JMESSAGE)));
if (!newjmqueue) {
unlockit();
return JMSG_OUTOFMEMORY;
}
jq->jmessagelist = newjmqueue;
jq->lastfulljmessage++;
jm = &jq->jmessagelist[jq->lastfulljmessage];
} else {
retval = JMSG_QUEUEFULL;
}
} else {
/* It's withing the bounds of the allocated message space */
jm = &jq->jmessagelist[++jq->lastfulljmessage];
}
}
if (jm) {
retval = JMSG_OKAY;
memcpy(jm, jmsg, sizeof(JMESSAGE));
jm->fromthread = callingthreadid;
jm->fromthreadname = getthreadname(callingthreadid);
/* Go ahead and increment the semaphore count in case
* they're calling waitmessage()
*
*/
sem_post(jq->messagesignal);
}
break;
}
jq = jq->next;
} while (jq);
unlockit();
return retval;
}
int popmessage( JMESSAGE *jmsg ) {
int retval = JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND;
JQUEUE *jq = jqueue;
pthread_t callingthreadid = pthread_self();
if (!jq) {
return JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND;
}
memset(jmsg, 0, sizeof(JMESSAGE));
lockit();
do {
if (jq->owningthreadid == callingthreadid) {
if (jq->lastfulljmessage > JMSG_EMPTY_QUEUE) {
memcpy(jmsg, &jq->jmessagelist[jq->lastfulljmessage], sizeof(JMESSAGE));
memset(&jq->jmessagelist[jq->lastfulljmessage], 0, sizeof(JMESSAGE));
jq->lastfulljmessage--;
retval = ((jq->lastfulljmessage == JMSG_EMPTY_QUEUE) ? JMSG_LASTMESSAGE : JMSG_MOREMESSAGES);
/* Decrease the semaphore count because they're NOT calling waitmessage() but may later... */
sem_wait(jq->messagesignal);
} else {
retval = JMSG_NOMESSAGE;
}
break;
}
jq = jq->next;
} while (jq);
unlockit();
return retval;
}
/*
* This function is only called by waitmessage() It doesn't decrease the
* semaphore count, because we've already waited for it to be signaled
* in waitmessage(). This just pulls the message off of the stack.
*
*/
static int popmessagenosem( JMESSAGE *jmsg ) {
int retval = JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND;
JQUEUE *jq = jqueue;
pthread_t callingthreadid = pthread_self();
if (!jq) {
return JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND;
}
lockit();
do {
if (jq->owningthreadid == callingthreadid) {
if (jq->lastfulljmessage > JMSG_EMPTY_QUEUE) {
memmove(jmsg, &jq->jmessagelist[jq->lastfulljmessage], sizeof(JMESSAGE));
memset(&jq->jmessagelist[jq->lastfulljmessage], 0, sizeof(JMESSAGE));
jq->lastfulljmessage--;
retval = ((jq->lastfulljmessage == JMSG_EMPTY_QUEUE) ? JMSG_NOMESSAGE :
((jq->lastfulljmessage == 0) ? JMSG_LASTMESSAGE : JMSG_MOREMESSAGES));
} else {
retval = JMSG_NOMESSAGE;
}
break;
}
jq = jq->next;
} while (jq);
unlockit();
return retval;
}
int waitmessage( JMESSAGE *jmsg ) {
JQUEUE *jq = jqueue;
sem_t *waitingon = 0;
pthread_t callingthreadid = pthread_self();
if (!jq) {
return JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND;
}
lockit();
do {
if (jq->owningthreadid == callingthreadid) {
//printf("Waiting on semaphore %s to be signalled...\n", jq->semname);
waitingon = jq->messagesignal;
break;
}
jq = jq->next;
} while (jq);
unlockit();
if (!waitingon) return JMSG_QUEUENOTFOUND;
//printf("waiting on semaphore!\n");
sem_wait(waitingon);
popmessagenosem(jmsg);
//printf("semaphore signalled! continuing...\n");
return JMSG_OKAY;
}
请享用！我喜欢它。我在所有执行不同操作的线程中设置了消息循环，并且可以轻松快速地传输数据！
这是一个使用此代码的工作示例：**务必链接到-lpthread
#include <signal.h>
#include "messaging.h"
#define THREAD_STARTED JMSG_CUSTOM1
#define THREAD_FAILED JMSG_CUSTOM2
#define THREAD_EXITING JMSG_CUSTOM3
#define THREAD_ACKNOWLEDGE JMSG_CUSTOM4
void sighand( int signum ) {
JMESSAGE msg;
printf("\nSignal Received! Exiting...\n");
msg.message = JMSG_QUIT;
pushmessage(&msg, pthread_self()); /* Put this JMSG_QUIT message on
* the main thread's message queue
* to let the main code know to quit.
*/
return;
}
void *mythread( void *_mainthreadid ) {
pthread_t mainthreadid = (pthread_t)_mainthreadid;
JMESSAGE msg;
signal(SIGINT, &sighand); /* CTRL-C */
if (!createmessagequeue("mythread")) {
printf("main.c > mythread() > createmessagequeue(): Failed.\n");
return 0;
}
/*
* Send a message to the main thread so it can do something when it
* knows we're ready.
*/
msg.message = THREAD_ACKNOWLEDGE;
pushmessage(&msg, mainthreadid);
printf("main.c > mythread(): Launched successfully, using blocking message loop!\n");
do {
waitmessage(&msg); /*
* Wait indefinitely. You can, however, use a
* signal to send a message to this queue to get
* it to move along, or signal it from another thread
* to get it to move along.
*
*/
switch (msg.message) {
case THREAD_ACKNOWLEDGE:
printf("main.c > mythread(): THREAD_ACKNOWLEDGE received from thread \"%s\" (0x%x).\n", msg.fromthreadname, msg.fromthread);
fflush(stdout);
break;
default:
break;
}
} while (msg.message != JMSG_QUIT);
printf("main.c > mythread(): Got JMSG_QUIT.\n");
msg.message = THREAD_EXITING;
pushmessage(&msg, mainthreadid);
printf("main.c > mythread(): Calling destroymessagequeue()!\n");
destroymessagequeue();
printf("main.c > mythread(): Exiting.\n");
return 0;
}
int main( void ) {
JMESSAGE msg;
pthread_t mythreadid;
int ret;
ret = createmessagequeue("Main Thread");
if (!ret) {
printf("main.c > createmessagequeue(): Failed with %d.\n", ret);
return 0;
}
pthread_create(&mythreadid, 0, &mythread, (void *)pthread_self());
printf("main.c > main(): Press [CTRL-C] to terminate program.\n");
do {
/* NON Blocking message queue */
if (popmessage(&msg)) {
switch (msg.message) {
case JMSG_QUIT:
/* Forward the message on to any other queues */
if (pushmessage(&msg, mythreadid)) {
printf("main.c > main(): Received JMSG_QUIT. Forwarded message to mythreadid\n");
fflush(stdout);
pthread_join(mythreadid, 0);
}
break;
case THREAD_ACKNOWLEDGE:
printf("main.c > main(): Received a THREAD_ACKNOWLEDGE from thread \"%s\" (0x%x)\n", msg.fromthreadname, msg.fromthread);
/* Bounce message back for the heck of it */
pushmessage(&msg, mythreadid);
fflush(stdout);
break;
case THREAD_EXITING:
printf("main.c > main(): Received a THREAD_EXITING from thread \"%s\" (0x%x)\n", msg.fromthreadname, msg.fromthread);
fflush(stdout);
break;
default:
break;
}
} else { /* No messages do some important stuff */
usleep(20000); /* Take a breather */
}
} while (msg.message != JMSG_QUIT);
printf("main.c > main(): Calling destroymessagequeue()!\n");
destroymessagequeue();
printf("main.c > main(): Exiting program!\n");
fflush(stdout);
return 0;
}