Django rest framework FK序列化模型

Question

我正在学习Django和Vuejs。我不了解它是如何工作的。

我有一个型号“ Nc”，但对Affaire等其他型号有一些外键。

我如何在我的JSON文件中获得str返回实例而不是实际值...

models.py：

class Affaires(models.Model):
    id = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(primary_key=True)
    nom = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    adresse = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=True)
    cp = models.CharField(max_length=5, blank=True, null=True)
    ville = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
    dessinateur = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    conducteur = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    chefdeprojet = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    cloture = models.IntegerField()


    class Meta:
        managed = True
        db_table = 'affaires'

    def __str__(self):
        return '{} - {}'.format(self.id, self.nom)

class NC(models.Model):
    idaffaire = models.ForeignKey(Affaires, models.DO_NOTHING,verbose_name="N° d'affaire", db_column='idAffaire')
    idof = models.ForeignKey(AffairesOfs, models.DO_NOTHING,verbose_name="N° d'OF", db_column='idOf')
    idposte = models.ForeignKey(ProductionPostes, models.DO_NOTHING,verbose_name="Poste", db_column="idPoste")
    idrepere = models.ForeignKey(AffairesReperes, models.DO_NOTHING,verbose_name="Repère", db_column='idRepere')
    idnc = models.ForeignKey(Nc_type, models.DO_NOTHING,verbose_name="Type de NC", db_column='idNc_type')
    quantite = models.PositiveIntegerField(verbose_name="Quantité")
    dateajout = models.DateField(default=timezone.now, verbose_name="Date d'ajout", db_column='dateAjout')

    class Meta:
        managed = True
        db_table = 'qualite_Nc'

serialize.py

class NcSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class  Meta:
        model = NC
        fields = '__all__'

JSON文件：

{
        "id": 1,
        "quantite": 1,
        "dateajout": "2020-04-08",
        "idaffaire": 1145,
        "idof": 1433,
        "idposte": 6271,
        "idrepere": 5361,
        "idnc": 1
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "quantite": 17,
        "dateajout": "2020-04-09",
        "idaffaire": 1205,
        "idof": 1290,
        "idposte": 5812,
        "idrepere": 7004,
        "idnc": 1
    },

我想要的JSON结果：

{
        "id": 1,
        "quantite": 1,
        "dateajout": "2020-04-08",
        "idaffaire": 1145 - CORTIS,
        "idof": 1433,
        "idposte": 6271,
        "idrepere": 5361,
        "idnc": 1
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "quantite": 17,
        "dateajout": "2020-04-09",
        "idaffaire": 1205 - GS Cergy,
        "idof": 1290,
        "idposte": 5812,
        "idrepere": 7004,
        "idnc": 1
    },

我不确定问题是否在JSON文件上返回str。实际上，我不明白如何在FK中使用序列化。

谢谢

Answer 1

将serializers.StringRelatedField()字段用作，

serializers.StringRelatedField()

Answer 2

您必须为每个异物创建一个序列化器。

我个人将从模型

class NcSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    idaffaire = serializers.StringRelatedField()

    class Meta:
        model = NC
        fields = '__all__'

的id中删除所有的前缀idaffaire，以此类推，因为您可以执行NC之类的操作，而instance.affaire.id的意义不大。

代码示例：

instance.idaffaire.id

请确保在创建查询集时使用

class AffairesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class  Meta:
        model = Affaires
        fields = '__all__'

class NcSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    affaire = AffairesSerializer(read_only=True)

    class  Meta:
        model = NC
        fields = '__all__'

，以避免对数据库进行不必要的请求。