我有一个如下所示的 JSON 文件:
{
"id": 10011,
"title": "Test procedure",
"slug": "slug",
"url": "http://test.test",
"email": "[email protected]",
"link": "http://test.er",
"subject": "testing",
"level": 1,
"disciplines": [
"discipline_a",
"discipline_b",
"discipline_c"
],
"areas": [
"area_a",
"area_b"
]
},
我尝试使用以下命令将其转换为 CSV 文件:
(Get-Content "PATH_TO\test.json" -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json)| Convertto-CSV -NoTypeInformation | Set-Content "PATH_TO\test.csv"
但是,对于学科和领域,我在生成的 CSV 文件中获取 System.Object[]。
有没有办法将所有这些嵌套值作为单独的列放入 CSV 文件中,例如area_1、area_2 等。学科也是如此。
2017-11-20,完全重写功能以提高性能并添加
-ArrayBase
功能以及对PSStandardMembers和分组对象的支持。
递归地展平包含数组、哈希表和(自定义)对象的对象。所提供的对象的所有添加属性都将与其余对象对齐。
需要 PowerShell 版本 2 或更高版本。
Function Flatten-Object { # Version 00.02.12, by iRon
[CmdletBinding()]Param (
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeLine = $True)][Object[]]$Objects,
[String]$Separator = ".", [ValidateSet("", 0, 1)]$Base = 1, [Int]$Depth = 5, [Int]$Uncut = 1,
[String[]]$ToString = ([String], [DateTime], [TimeSpan]), [String[]]$Path = @()
)
$PipeLine = $Input | ForEach {$_}; If ($PipeLine) {$Objects = $PipeLine}
If (@(Get-PSCallStack)[1].Command -eq $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name -or @(Get-PSCallStack)[1].Command -eq "<position>") {
$Object = @($Objects)[0]; $Iterate = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.OrderedDictionary
If ($ToString | Where {$Object -is $_}) {$Object = $Object.ToString()}
ElseIf ($Depth) {$Depth--
If ($Object.GetEnumerator.OverloadDefinitions -match "[\W]IDictionaryEnumerator[\W]") {
$Iterate = $Object
} ElseIf ($Object.GetEnumerator.OverloadDefinitions -match "[\W]IEnumerator[\W]") {
$Object.GetEnumerator() | ForEach -Begin {$i = $Base} {$Iterate.($i) = $_; $i += 1}
} Else {
$Names = If ($Uncut) {$Uncut--} Else {$Object.PSStandardMembers.DefaultDisplayPropertySet.ReferencedPropertyNames}
If (!$Names) {$Names = $Object.PSObject.Properties | Where {$_.IsGettable} | Select -Expand Name}
If ($Names) {$Names | ForEach {$Iterate.$_ = $Object.$_}}
}
}
If (@($Iterate.Keys).Count) {
$Iterate.Keys | ForEach {
Flatten-Object @(,$Iterate.$_) $Separator $Base $Depth $Uncut $ToString ($Path + $_)
}
} Else {$Property.(($Path | Where {$_}) -Join $Separator) = $Object}
} ElseIf ($Objects -ne $Null) {
@($Objects) | ForEach -Begin {$Output = @(); $Names = @()} {
New-Variable -Force -Option AllScope -Name Property -Value (New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.OrderedDictionary)
Flatten-Object @(,$_) $Separator $Base $Depth $Uncut $ToString $Path
$Output += New-Object PSObject -Property $Property
$Names += $Output[-1].PSObject.Properties | Select -Expand Name
}
$Output | Select ([String[]]($Names | Select -Unique))
}
}; Set-Alias Flatten Flatten-Object
<Object[]> Flatten-Object [-Separator <String>] [-Base "" | 0 | 1] [-Depth <Int>] [-Uncut<Int>] [ToString <Type[]>]
或:
Flatten-Object <Object[]> [[-Separator] <String>] [[-Base] "" | 0 | 1] [[-Depth] <Int>] [[-Uncut] <Int>] [[ToString] <Type[]>]
-Object[] <Object[]>
-Separator <String>
(默认:.
)-Depth <Int>
(默认:5
)-Uncut <Int>
(默认:1
)DefaultDisplayPropertySet
。任何负值都会揭示所有对象的所有属性。
-Base "" | 0 | 1
(默认:1
)1
,数组将从 1 开始:<Parent>.1
、<Parent>.2
、<Parent>.3
、...0
,数组将从 0 开始:<Parent>.0
、<Parent>.1
、<Parent>.2
、...""
,数组中的第一项将是未命名的,并且后面跟着 1:<Parent>
、<Parent>.1
、<Parent>.2
、...-ToString <Type[]= [String], [DateTime], [TimeSpan]>
[String], [DateTime], [TimeSpan]
)将被转换为字符串而不是进一步扁平化。例如。 [DateTime]
可以使用 Date
、Day
、DayOfWeek
等附加属性进行展平,但会转换为单个 (String
) 属性。
注:
参数
-Path
供内部使用,但只能用于前缀属性名称。
回答具体问题:
(Get-Content "PATH_TO\test.json" -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json) | Flatten-Object | Convertto-CSV -NoTypeInformation | Set-Content "PATH_TO\test.csv"
结果:
{
"url": "http://test.test",
"slug": "slug",
"id": 10011,
"link": "http://test.er",
"level": 1,
"areas.2": "area_b",
"areas.1": "area_a",
"disciplines.3": "discipline_c",
"disciplines.2": "discipline_b",
"disciplines.1": "discipline_a",
"subject": "testing",
"title": "Test procedure",
"email": "[email protected]"
}
对更复杂的自定义对象进行压力测试:
New-Object PSObject @{
String = [String]"Text"
Char = [Char]65
Byte = [Byte]66
Int = [Int]67
Long = [Long]68
Null = $Null
Booleans = $False, $True
Decimal = [Decimal]69
Single = [Single]70
Double = [Double]71
Array = @("One", "Two", @("Three", "Four"), "Five")
HashTable = @{city="New York"; currency="Dollar"; postalCode=10021; Etc = @("Three", "Four", "Five")}
Object = New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name = "One"; Value = 1; Text = @("First", "1st")}
} | Flatten
结果:
Double : 71
Decimal : 69
Long : 68
Array.1 : One
Array.2 : Two
Array.3.1 : Three
Array.3.2 : Four
Array.4 : Five
Object.Name : One
Object.Value : 1
Object.Text.1 : First
Object.Text.2 : 1st
Int : 67
Byte : 66
HashTable.postalCode : 10021
HashTable.currency : Dollar
HashTable.Etc.1 : Three
HashTable.Etc.2 : Four
HashTable.Etc.3 : Five
HashTable.city : New York
Booleans.1 : False
Booleans.2 : True
String : Text
Char : A
Single : 70
Null :
展平分组对象:
$csv | Group Name | Flatten | Format-Table
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/47409634/1701026
展平常见物体:
(Get-Process)[0] | Flatten-Object
或者对象列表(数组):
Get-Service | Flatten-Object -Depth 3 | Export-CSV Service.csv
请注意,以下命令需要数小时才能计算:
Get-Process | Flatten-Object | Export-CSV Process.csv
为什么?因为它会生成一个包含数百行和数千列的表。因此,如果您想将其用于展平过程,最好限制行数(使用
Where-Object
cmdlet)或列数(使用 Select-Object
cmdlet)。
CSV 转换/导出 cmdlet 无法“展平”对象,我可能会遗漏一些东西,但我知道没有办法使用内置 cmdlet 或功能来做到这一点。 如果您可以保证
disciplines
和 areas
始终具有相同数量的元素,则可以通过使用带有派生属性的 Select-Object
来简化它:
$properties=@('id','title','slug','url','email','link','subject','level',
@{Name='discipline_1';Expression={$_.disciplines[0]}}
@{Name='discipline_2';Expression={$_.disciplines[1]}}
@{Name='discipline_3';Expression={$_.disciplines[2]}}
@{Name='area_1';Expression={$_.areas[0]}}
@{Name='area_2';Expression={$_.areas[1]}}
)
(Get-Content 'PATH_TO\test.json' -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json)| Select-Object -Property $properties | Export-CSV -NoTypeInformation -Path 'PATH_TO\test.csv'
但是,我假设
disciplines
和 areas
对于每个记录来说都是可变长度的。在这种情况下,您将必须循环输入并提取学科和领域的最高计数值,然后动态构建属性数组:
$inputData = Get-Content 'PATH_TO\test.json' -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
$counts = $inputData | Select-Object -Property @{Name='disciplineCount';Expression={$_.disciplines.Count}},@{Name='areaCount';Expression={$_.areas.count}}
$maxDisciplines = $counts | Measure-Object -Maximum -Property disciplineCount | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Maximum
$maxAreas = $counts | Measure-Object -Maximum -Property areaCount | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Maximum
$properties=@('id','title','slug','url','email','link','subject','level')
1..$maxDisciplines | % {
$properties += @{Name="discipline_$_";Expression=[scriptblock]::create("`$_.disciplines[$($_ - 1)]")}
}
1..$maxAreas | % {
$properties += @{Name="area_$_";Expression=[scriptblock]::create("`$_.areas[$($_ - 1)]")}
}
$inputData | Select-Object -Property $properties | Export-CSV -NoTypeInformation -Path 'PATH_TO\test.csv'
此代码尚未经过全面测试,因此可能需要一些调整才能 100% 工作,但我相信这些想法是可靠的 =)