如何以编程方式检查Windows更新的适用性规则?

问题描述 投票:23回答:2

通过浏览Windows更新.msu文件的内容(例如,使用诸如7zip之类的工具),可以找到一系列定义先决条件和适用性规则的文件。例如:

<UpdateIdentity UpdateID="E6CF1350-C01B-414D-A61F-263D14D133B4" RevisionNumber="1" /><Properties UpdateType="Category" /><ApplicabilityRules><IsInstalled><True /></IsInstalled></ApplicabilityRules>
....
<UpdateIdentity UpdateID="2bf7ed9c-6f43-493a-b156-db20f08c44c4" RevisionNumber="101" /><Properties UpdateType="Detectoid" /><Relationships /><ApplicabilityRules><IsInstalled><b.RegSz Key="HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE" Subkey="SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language" Value="InstallLanguage" Comparison="EqualTo" Data="0409" /></IsInstalled></ApplicabilityRules>
....
<UpdateIdentity UpdateID="6AECE9A4-19E3-4BC7-A20C-070A5E31AFF4" RevisionNumber="100" /><Properties UpdateType="Detectoid" /><Relationships>
...
<UpdateIdentity UpdateID="3B4B8621-726E-43A6-B43B-37D07EC7019F" /><ApplicabilityRules><IsInstalled><b.WmiQuery Namespace="root\cimv2" WqlQuery="SELECT Manufacturer FROM Win32_ComputerSystem WHERE Manufacturer = 'Samsung Electronics' or Manufacturer = 'Hewlett-Packard' or Manufacturer = 'Gateway'" /></IsInstalled></ApplicabilityRules>
...

现在,给定一个.msu文件和我的本地计算机,有没有办法迭代这些规则并找出是否不满意 - 哪一个?

我可以将WSUS 3.0类库用于此目的吗?还是有工具/脚本?

我真正想要的是准确地知道什么条件使计算机拒绝某个Windows更新(KB2973201),并显示消息更新不适用于您的计算机(这背后的错误代码是WU_E_NOT_APPLICABLE)。

关于更新的这些适用性规则的文档似乎太少了。有什么好的消息来源吗?

参考文献:

c# windows powershell windows-update
2个回答
6
投票

现在,给定一个.msu文件和我的本地计算机,有没有办法迭代这些规则并找出是否不满意 - 哪一个? 我可以将WSUS 3.0类库用于此目的吗?还是有工具/脚本?

您可以通过WSUS 3.0类库来Update Applicability Rules虽然它不提供检查规则是否会通过的功能,除非(我猜)您运行安装程序但不告诉您哪个失败了。

Simon提到WUAPI库没有公开内部规则,并且(afaik)没有办法将WUAPI ResultCodes与失败的ApplicabilityRules相匹配。

不幸的是,像Microsoft.Deployment.WindowsInstaller.dll这样的库不适用于MSU文件,因此我们对“现成的”选项感到不满意。因此,您必须使用代码和(msu.xml)XML文件手动执行此操作:

<Updates>
  <UpdateIdentity UpdateID="E6CF1350-C01B-414D-A61F-263D14D133B4" RevisionNumber="1" />
  <Properties UpdateType="Category" />
  <ApplicabilityRules>
    <IsInstalled>
      <True />
    </IsInstalled>
  </ApplicabilityRules>
  <UpdateIdentity UpdateID="2bf7ed9c-6f43-493a-b156-db20f08c44c4" RevisionNumber="101" />
  <Properties UpdateType="Detectoid" />
  <Relationships />
  <ApplicabilityRules>
    <IsInstalled>
      <b.RegSz Key="HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE" Subkey="SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language" Value="InstallLanguage" Comparison="EqualTo" Data="0409" />
    </IsInstalled>
  </ApplicabilityRules>
  <UpdateIdentity UpdateID="6AECE9A4-19E3-4BC7-A20C-070A5E31AFF4" RevisionNumber="100" />
  <Properties UpdateType="Detectoid" />
  <Relationships></Relationships>
  <UpdateIdentity UpdateID="3B4B8621-726E-43A6-B43B-37D07EC7019F" />
  <ApplicabilityRules>
    <IsInstalled>
      <b.WmiQuery Namespace="root\cimv2" WqlQuery="SELECT Manufacturer FROM Win32_ComputerSystem WHERE Manufacturer = 'Dell Inc.' or Manufacturer = 'Samsung Electronics' or Manufacturer = 'Hewlett-Packard' or Manufacturer = 'Gateway'" />
    </IsInstalled>
  </ApplicabilityRules>
</Updates>

使用此代码查看哪些ApplicabilityRules失败:

private void btnWillPassApplicabilityRules_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    XDocument doc = XDocument.Load("msu.xml");
    var elements = doc.Element("Updates").Elements("ApplicabilityRules").Elements("IsInstalled").Elements();

    foreach (var element in elements) {
        if (element.ToString().StartsWith("<b.RegSz")) {
            string subKeyName = element.Attribute("Subkey").Value;
            string keyName = element.Attribute("Value").Value;
            string keyValue = element.Attribute("Data").Value;

            //TODO: Leave the Registry Hive "Switch()" upto reader to fully implement
            if (!ValueExistsInRegistry(Registry.LocalMachine, subKeyName, keyName, keyValue)) {
                Console.WriteLine("Install is not applicable as Applicability Rule failed: " + element.ToString());
            }
        }
        else if (element.ToString().StartsWith("<b.WmiQuery")) {
            string nameSpace = element.Attribute("Namespace").Value;
            string wqlQuery = element.Attribute("WqlQuery").Value;
            if (!ValueExistsInWMI(nameSpace, wqlQuery)) {
                Console.WriteLine("Install is not applicable as Applicability Rule failed: " + element.ToString());
            }
        }
    }
}

private bool ValueExistsInRegistry(RegistryKey root, string subKeyName, string keyName, string keyValue)
{
    using (RegistryKey key = root.OpenSubKey(subKeyName)) {
        if (key != null) return keyValue == key.GetValue(keyName).ToString();
    }
    return false;
}

private bool ValueExistsInWMI(string nameSpace, string wqlQuery)
{
    ManagementScope scope = new ManagementScope(String.Format("\\\\{0}\\" + nameSpace, "."), null);  //The "." is for your local PC
    scope.Connect();
    ObjectQuery query = new ObjectQuery(wqlQuery);
    ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher(scope, query);
    if (searcher.Get().Count == 0) {
        return false;
    }
    else {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}
}

在运行适用性规则之前,首先要检查更新是否将通过操作系统(OS)和Service Pack(SP)适用性测试。没有必要检查registry / wmi等,以确定升级是否会通过规则,如果它不适用于OS和SP。

要查看ApplicabilityInfo,请运行expand命令行实用程序:

expand -f:* "C:\temp\msu\Windows6.1-KB2973201-x64.msu" "C:\temp\msu"

这将创建以下文件:

  • WS US scan.cab
  • Windows6.1-KB2973201-小64.cab
  • Windows6.1-KB2973201-x64.xml
  • Windows6.1-KB2973201-x64的pkgProperties.txt

xml和txt文件大约需要5秒钟才能创建。打开pkgProperties.txt文件,顶行显示以下信息:

ApplicabilityInfo =“Windows 7.0 Client SP1; Windows 7.0 Server Core SP1; Windows 7.0 Embedded SP1; Windows 7.0 Server SP1; Windows 7.0 WinPE 3.1;”

MSDN参考:Description of the Windows Update Standalone Installer in Windows


2
投票

您可以使用Windows Update Agent API查询已安装的更新(事实上它有很多信息),如下所示:

  // in .NET, you need to add a reference
  // to the WUAPI COM component located in \windows\system32\wuapi.dll
  // to be able to access the WUAPI object model
  UpdateSearcher searcher = new UpdateSearcher();
  searcher.Online = false; // you can remove this line if you allow the API to get online to search
  var res = searcher.Search("IsInstalled=0"); // search not installed update
  foreach (IUpdate update in res.Updates)
  {
      Console.WriteLine("update:" + update.Title);

      // get history information
      // this can return nothing for example it it was hidden by end user
      // note we use update's identity and rev number here for matching a specific update
      var histories = searcher.QueryHistory(0, searcher.GetTotalHistoryCount()).OfType<IUpdateHistoryEntry>().Where(
          h => h.UpdateIdentity.UpdateID == update.Identity.UpdateID && h.UpdateIdentity.RevisionNumber == update.Identity.RevisionNumber);
      foreach (var history in histories)
      {
          Console.WriteLine(" code:" + history.ResultCode);
          Console.WriteLine(" hr:0x" + history.HResult.ToString("X8"));
      }
  }

但是,这不会告诉您用于确定是否已安装updagres的内部规则(registry / wmi等)。这不是WUAPI公开的。

© www.soinside.com 2019 - 2024. All rights reserved.