Python：无法在网页中下载selenium

Question

我的目的是从https://www.shareinvestor.com/prices/price_download_zip_file.zip?type=history_all&market=bursa 下载一个zip文件这是一个在这个网页https://www.shareinvestor.com/prices/price_download.html#/?type=price_download_all_stocks_bursa中的链接。然后将其保存到此目录"/home/vinvin/shKLSE/（我正在使用pythonaywhere）。然后将其解压缩并将csv文件解压缩到目录中。

代码运行到最后没有错误，但没有下载。手动单击https://www.shareinvestor.com/prices/price_download_zip_file.zip?type=history_all&market=bursa时会自动下载zip文件。

使用带有工作用户名和密码的代码。使用真实的用户名和密码，以便更容易理解问题。

    #!/usr/bin/python
    print "hello from python 2"

    import urllib2
    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
    import time
    from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
    import requests, zipfile, os    

    display = Display(visible=0, size=(800, 600))
    display.start()

    profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
    profile.set_preference('browser.download.folderList', 2)
    profile.set_preference('browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting', False)
    profile.set_preference('browser.download.dir', "/home/vinvin/shKLSE/")
    profile.set_preference('browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk', '/zip')

    for retry in range(5):
        try:
            browser = webdriver.Firefox(profile)
            print "firefox"
            break
        except:
            time.sleep(3)
    time.sleep(1)

    browser.get("https://www.shareinvestor.com/my")
    time.sleep(10)
    login_main = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@href='/user/login.html']").click()
    print browser.current_url
    username = browser.find_element_by_id("sic_login_header_username")
    password = browser.find_element_by_id("sic_login_header_password")
    print "find id done"
    username.send_keys("bkcollection")
    password.send_keys("123456")
    print "log in done"
    login_attempt = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@type='submit']")
    login_attempt.submit()
    browser.get("https://www.shareinvestor.com/prices/price_download.html#/?type=price_download_all_stocks_bursa")
    print browser.current_url
    time.sleep(20)
    dl = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@href='/prices/price_download_zip_file.zip?type=history_all&market=bursa']").click()
    time.sleep(30)

    browser.close()
    browser.quit()
    display.stop()

   zip_ref = zipfile.ZipFile(/home/vinvin/sh/KLSE, 'r')
   zip_ref.extractall(/home/vinvin/sh/KLSE)
   zip_ref.close()
   os.remove(zip_ref)

HTML片段：

<li><a href="/prices/price_download_zip_file.zip?type=history_all&amp;market=bursa">All Historical Data</a> <span>About 220 MB</span></li>

请注意，在复制代码段时会显示＆amp。它是从视图源隐藏的，所以我猜它是用JavaScript编写的。

观察我发现了

即使我运行代码没有错误，目录home/vinvin/shKLSE也没有创建
我尝试下载一个小得多的zip文件，可以在一秒钟内完成，但在等待30秒后仍然无法下载。 dl = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@href='/prices/price_download_zip_file.zip?type=history_daily&date=20170519&market=bursa']").click()

Answer 1

我重写了你的脚本，并用评论解释了为什么我做了我所做的更改。我认为你的主要问题可能是一个糟糕的mimetype，但是，你的脚本有一个系统问题的日志，这会使它最多不可靠。此重写使用显式等待，这完全消除了使用time.sleep()的需要，允许它尽可能快地运行，同时还消除了网络拥塞引起的错误。

您需要执行以下操作以确保安装所有模块：

pip install requests explicit selenium retry pyvirtualdisplay

剧本：

#!/usr/bin/python

from __future__ import print_function  # Makes your code portable

import os
import glob
import zipfile
from contextlib import contextmanager

import requests
from retry import retry
from explicit import waiter, XPATH, ID
from selenium import webdriver
from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

DOWNLOAD_DIR = "/tmp/shKLSE/"


def build_profile():
    profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
    profile.set_preference('browser.download.folderList', 2)
    profile.set_preference('browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting', False)
    profile.set_preference('browser.download.dir', DOWNLOAD_DIR)
    # I think your `/zip` mime type was incorrect. This works for me
    profile.set_preference('browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk',
                           'application/vnd.ms-excel,application/zip')

    return profile


# Retry is an elegant way to retry the browser creation
# Though you should narrow the scope to whatever the actual exception is you are
# retrying on
@retry(Exception, tries=5, delay=3)
@contextmanager  # This turns get_browser into a context manager
def get_browser():
    # Use a context manager with Display, so it will be closed even if an
    # exception is thrown
    profile = build_profile()
    with Display(visible=0, size=(800, 600)):
        browser = webdriver.Firefox(profile)
        print("firefox")
        try:
            yield browser
        finally:
            # Let a try/finally block manage closing the browser, even if an
            # exception is called
            browser.quit()


def main():
    print("hello from python 2")
    with get_browser() as browser:
        browser.get("https://www.shareinvestor.com/my")

        # Click the login button
        # waiter is a helper function that makes it easy to use explicit waits
        # with it you dont need to use time.sleep() calls at all
        login_xpath = '//*/div[@class="sic_logIn-bg"]/a'
        waiter.find_element(browser, login_xpath, XPATH).click()
        print(browser.current_url)

        # Log in
        username = "bkcollection"
        username_id = "sic_login_header_username"
        password = "123456"
        password_id = "sic_login_header_password"
        waiter.find_write(browser, username_id, username, by=ID)
        waiter.find_write(browser, password_id, password, by=ID, send_enter=True)

        # Wait for login process to finish by locating an element only found
        # after logging in, like the Logged In Nav
        nav_id = 'sic_loggedInNav'
        waiter.find_element(browser, nav_id, ID)

        print("log in done")

        # Load the target page
        target_url = ("https://www.shareinvestor.com/prices/price_download.html#/?"
                      "type=price_download_all_stocks_bursa")
        browser.get(target_url)
        print(browser.current_url)

        # CLick download button
        all_data_xpath = ("//*[@href='/prices/price_download_zip_file.zip?"
                          "type=history_all&market=bursa']")
        waiter.find_element(browser, all_data_xpath, XPATH).click()

        # This is a bit challenging: You need to wait until the download is complete
        # This file is 220 MB, it takes a while to complete. This method waits until
        # there is at least one file in the dir, then waits until there are no
        # filenames that end in `.part`
        # Note that is is problematic if there is already a file in the target dir. I
        # suggest looking into using the tempdir module to create a unique, temporary
        # directory for downloading every time you run your script
        print("Waiting for download to complete")
        at_least_1 = lambda x: len(x("{0}/*.zip*".format(DOWNLOAD_DIR))) > 0
        WebDriverWait(glob.glob, 300).until(at_least_1)

        no_parts = lambda x: len(x("{0}/*.part".format(DOWNLOAD_DIR))) == 0
        WebDriverWait(glob.glob, 300).until(no_parts)

        print("Download Done")

        # Now do whatever it is you need to do with the zip file
        # zip_ref = zipfile.ZipFile(DOWNLOAD_DIR, 'r')
        # zip_ref.extractall(DOWNLOAD_DIR)
        # zip_ref.close()
        # os.remove(zip_ref)

        print("Done!")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

完全披露：我维护显式模块。它旨在使显式等待变得更容易，对于这样的情况，网站根据用户交互缓慢加载动态内容。您可以使用直接显式等待替换上面的所有waiter.XXX调用。

Answer 2

我没有看到你的代码块有任何重大缺陷。但是，通过此解决方案以及此自动测试脚本的执行，这里有一些建议：

此代码在场外营业时间内完美运行。在市场营业时间内，很多JavaScript和Ajax Calls正在发挥作用，处理这些超出了本课题的范围。
您可以考虑首先检查预期的下载目录，如果不可用，请创建一个新目录。此功能的代码块采用Windows风格，在Windows平台上运行良好。
一旦你点击“登录”诱导一些wait为HTML DOM正确呈现。
当您想要查看下载过程时，您需要在FirefoxProfile中设置更多首选项，如下面的代码中所述。
始终考虑通过browser.maximize_window()最大化浏览器窗口
当您开始下载时，您需要等待足够的时间才能完全下载文件。
如果你最后使用browser.quit()，你不需要使用browser.close()
您可以考虑用time.sleep()或ImplicitlyWait或ExplicitWait替换所有FluentWait。
这是您自己的代码块，其中包含一些简单的调整： #!/usr/bin/python print "hello from python 2" import urllib2 from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys import time from pyvirtualdisplay import Display import requests, zipfile, os display = Display(visible=0, size=(800, 600)) display.start() newpath = 'C:\\home\\vivvin\\shKLSE' if not os.path.exists(newpath): os.makedirs(newpath) profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile() profile.set_preference("browser.download.dir",newpath); profile.set_preference("browser.download.folderList",2); profile.set_preference("browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk", "application/zip"); profile.set_preference("browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting",False); profile.set_preference("browser.helperApps.neverAsk.openFile","application/zip"); profile.set_preference("browser.helperApps.alwaysAsk.force", False); profile.set_preference("browser.download.manager.useWindow", False); profile.set_preference("browser.download.manager.focusWhenStarting", False); profile.set_preference("browser.helperApps.neverAsk.openFile", ""); profile.set_preference("browser.download.manager.alertOnEXEOpen", False); profile.set_preference("browser.download.manager.showAlertOnComplete", False); profile.set_preference("browser.download.manager.closeWhenDone", True); profile.set_preference("pdfjs.disabled", True); for retry in range(5): try: browser = webdriver.Firefox(profile) print "firefox" break except: time.sleep(3) time.sleep(1) browser.maximize_window() browser.get("https://www.shareinvestor.com/my") time.sleep(10) login_main = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@href='/user/login.html']").click() time.sleep(10) print browser.current_url username = browser.find_element_by_id("sic_login_header_username") password = browser.find_element_by_id("sic_login_header_password") print "find id done" username.send_keys("bkcollection") password.send_keys("123456") print "log in done" login_attempt = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@type='submit']") login_attempt.submit() browser.get("https://www.shareinvestor.com/prices/price_download.html#/?type=price_download_all_stocks_bursa") print browser.current_url time.sleep(20) dl = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@href='/prices/price_download_zip_file.zip?type=history_all&market=bursa']").click() time.sleep(900) browser.close() browser.quit() display.stop() zip_ref = zipfile.ZipFile(/home/vinvin/sh/KLSE, 'r') zip_ref.extractall(/home/vinvin/sh/KLSE) zip_ref.close() os.remove(zip_ref)

如果这回答你的问题，请告诉我。

Answer 3

把它放在硒的范围之外。更改首选项设置，以便在单击链接时（首先检查链接是否有效）它会弹出一个要求保存的弹出窗口，现在使用sikuli http://www.sikuli.org/单击弹出窗口。 Mime类型并不总是有效，并且没有黑白回答为什么它不起作用。

Answer 4

原因是网页加载缓慢。打开网页链接后，我等了20秒

login_attempt.submit()
browser.get("https://www.shareinvestor.com/prices/price_download.html#/?type=price_download_all_stocks_bursa")
print browser.current_url
time.sleep(20)
dl = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@href='/prices/price_download_zip_file.zip?type=history_all&market=bursa']").click()

它不会返回任何错误。

另外，/zip是不正确的MIME类型。改为profile.set_preference('browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk', 'application/zip')

最后的修正：

   #!/usr/bin/python
    print "hello from python 2"

    import urllib2
    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
    import time
    from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
    import requests, zipfile, os    

    display = Display(visible=0, size=(800, 600))
    display.start()

    profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
    profile.set_preference('browser.download.folderList', 2)
    profile.set_preference('browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting', False)
    profile.set_preference('browser.download.dir', "/home/vinvin/shKLSE/")
    # application/zip not /zip
    profile.set_preference('browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk', 'application/zip')

    for retry in range(5):
        try:
            browser = webdriver.Firefox(profile)
            print "firefox"
            break
        except:
            time.sleep(3)
    time.sleep(1)

    browser.get("https://www.shareinvestor.com/my")
    time.sleep(10)
    login_main = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@href='/user/login.html']").click()
    print browser.current_url
    username = browser.find_element_by_id("sic_login_header_username")
    password = browser.find_element_by_id("sic_login_header_password")
    print "find id done"
    username.send_keys("bkcollection")
    password.send_keys("123456")
    print "log in done"
    login_attempt = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@type='submit']")
    login_attempt.submit()
    browser.get("https://www.shareinvestor.com/prices/price_download.html#/?type=price_download_all_stocks_bursa")
    print browser.current_url
    time.sleep(20)
    dl = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@href='/prices/price_download_zip_file.zip?type=history_all&market=bursa']").click()
    time.sleep(30)

    browser.close()
    browser.quit()
    display.stop()

   zip_ref = zipfile.ZipFile('/home/vinvin/shKLSE/file.zip', 'r')
   zip_ref.extractall('/home/vinvin/shKLSE')
   zip_ref.close()
   # remove with correct path
   os.remove('/home/vinvin/shKLSE/file.zip')

Answer 5

我没有尝试过您提到的网站，但是下面的代码完美无缺并下载了ZIP。如果您无法下载zip，Mime类型可能会有所不同。您可以使用chrome浏览器和网络检查来检查您尝试下载的文件的mime类型。

profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
profile.set_preference('browser.download.folderList', 2)
profile.set_preference('browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting', False)
profile.set_preference('browser.download.dir', "/home/vinvin/shKLSE/")
profile.set_preference('browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk', 'application/zip')

browser = webdriver.Firefox(profile)
browser.get("http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/download/peace.zip")

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