AttributeError：'str'对象没有属性'items'

Question

在以下代码中：

#!/usr/local/bin/python
import json

APPLICATION_NAME = 'cc9226315643df89-36bf02429075329d0ba36748360d050c'

HEADERS1 = json.dumps(dict(Destination = u"/api/af/latest/applications/%s/rulesets" % (APPLICATION_NAME)))
print "Headers1 is %s" % (HEADERS1)
HEADERS2 = {'Destination': '/api/af/latest/applications/%s/rulesets' % (APPLICATION_NAME)}
print "Headers2 is %s" % (HEADERS2)

我得到以下输出：

Headers1 is {"Destination": "/api/af/latest/applications/cc9226315643df89-36bf02429075329d0ba36748360d050c/rulesets"}
Headers2 is {'Destination': '/api/af/latest/applications/cc9226315643df89-36bf02429075329d0ba36748360d050c/rulesets'}

但是当我尝试使用requests（）在REST调用中使用HEADER1或HEADER2时，得到的结果却大不相同：

SERVER_URL = 'http://1.1.33.109:8087%s' % (APP_PATH)
REQ_DATA = None
print "Headers are: ", HEADERS
print "SERVER_URL is: ", SERVER_URL
print "Request Data is:", REQ_DATA
print ""

RESPONSE = requests.request(
    'MOVE', 
    SERVER_URL, 
    auth = ('admin', 'admin'), 
    verify = False, 
    data = REQ_DATA,
    headers = HEADERS1 )     #<-- If I use HEADER1 it breaks, if I use HEADER2 it works
print "Move Ruleset back to the Application RESULT: %s\n" % (RESPONSE)

我通过HEADER1获得了以下内容：

Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "./myrest.py", line 234, in <module>
     headers = HEADERS1 )
   File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 44, in request
     return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
   File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 324, in request
     prep = req.prepare()
   File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/models.py", line 223, in prepare
     p.prepare_headers(self.headers)
   File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/models.py", line 340, in prepare_headers
     headers = dict((name.encode('ascii'), value) for name, value in headers.items())
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'items'

如果我使用HEADER2，它将执行干净：

将规则集移回应用程序结果：响应[200]

谁能解释这些区别是什么？

Answer 1

您正在传递string; headers不能ever是JSON编码的字符串，它始终是Python字典。

print结果具有欺骗性； JSON编码的对象看起来很像Python字典表示形式，但是它们是同一方面的[[far。

requests API明确指出requests必须是字典：

[headers –（可选）与headers一起发送的HTTP标头字典。

JSON数据是您将作为内容发送到另一台服务器的内容，而不是用于与Python API通信的内容。

Answer 2

我遇到了这个问题，我需要使标题具有内容类型，并以json形式传入数据元素。

Request

Answer 3

您可以通过{

import requests
import json

headerInfo = {'content-type': 'application/json' }
payload = {'text': 'okay!!!', 'auth_token': 'aasdasdasdasd'}
jLoad = json.dumps(payload)

r = requests.post('http://example.com:3030/widgets/init', headers=headerInfo, data=jLoad)
print r.text
print r.status_code

有效