在 Django 中组织模型和表单的问题

Question

我需要一个好的提示，我如何为这两个模型创建注册表：

class Adress(models.Model):
    """
    Abstract model for users and organizations adresses
    """
    country = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    street = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    house_number = models.IntegerField()
    postal_code = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "Adress"
        verbose_name_plural = "Adresses"

And Patient model:

class Patient(DiaScreenUser):
    """
    Choices for diabet type options
    """
    FIRST_TYPE = '1'
    SECOND_TYPE = '2'
    NULL_TYPE = 'null'
    DIABETES_TYPE_CHOICES = (
        (FIRST_TYPE, '1 тип'),
        (SECOND_TYPE, '2 тип'),
        (NULL_TYPE, 'відсутній'),
    )

    height = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)
    weight = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)
    body_mass_index = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, blank=True, null=True)
    connect_to_doctor_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True)
    diabet_type = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=DIABETES_TYPE_CHOICES, default=NULL_TYPE)
    is_oninsuline = models.BooleanField(db_index=True)
    doctor_id = models.ForeignKey(Doctor, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, blank=True, null=True)
    adress_id = models.ForeignKey(Adress, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, blank=True, db_index=True, null=True)

我需要一份注册表，患者可以在其中输入他的个人信息和地址信息（但当我的患者模型中有外键时，我无法理解它是如何工作的）。感谢您的任何建议！

我尝试创建类似的东西，但在这种情况下我无法理解如何将地址链接到患者

class AdressForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Adress
        fields = ["country","city"]
        
class PatientForm(ModelForm):
    
    adress_form = AdressForm()
    class Meta:
        model = Patient
        fields = [
            "username",
            "email",
            "phone_number",
        ]

Answer 1

这里有一些使用基于类的视图的提示。总体思路是：为 Patient 创建一个表单，其中包含一些与 Adress 相对应的额外字段，然后在视图中从此表单创建两个对象。

1。表格

通过指定更多表单字段来增强您的 PatientForm。您希望 Adress 模型的每个必填字段都有一个表单字段。您可以指定诸如发送表单所需的字段、字符串应该多长之类的内容...检查文档

from django import forms
from ..models import Patient

class PatientForm(forms.ModelForm) :
    class Meta:
        model = Patient
        fields = [
            "username",
            "email",
            "phone_number",
            # any other field you need from Patient model
        ]

    # then add the fields you need to create Adress model

    country = forms.CharField(label="Country", required=False)
    city = forms.CharField(label="City", required=False)
    street = forms.CharField(max_length=50)
    house_number = forms.IntegerField()
    postal_code = forms.CharField()

2。景色

您的表单与一个视图配对，您可以在其中创建地址，将其保存在数据库中，然后使用它来创建您的患者：

from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from django.views.generic import CreateView

from ..forms import PatientForm
from ..models import Patient, Adress

class PatientFormView(CreateView):
    model = Patient
    form_class = PatientForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy("home")

    def form_valid(self, form):
        adress = Adress(
            country = form.cleaned_data["country"],
            city = form.cleaned_data["city"],
            street = form.cleaned_data["street"],
            house_number = form.cleaned_data["house_number"],
            postal_code = form.cleaned_data["postal_code"]
        )
        adress.save()

        self.object = Patient(
            username = form.cleaned_data["username"],
            email = form.cleaned_data["email"],
            phone_number = form.cleaned_data["phone_number"]
            ...
            adress = adress
        )
        self.object.save()

        return redirect(self.get_success_url())