我试图找出如何扩展Django用户模型以向用户添加信息。我似乎无法让它发挥作用。我究竟做错了什么？我可以在同一模型中使用外键吗？你如何创建超级用户，或者你必须通过python manage.py shell手动完成？
到目前为止，这是我的代码：
class PersonModel(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
firstName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
lastName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
company = models.ForeignKey(CompanyModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
phone = models.ForeignKey(PhoneModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
email = models.EmailField(blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return '%s %s - %s - %s, %s' % (self.firstName, self.lastName,
self.company, self.phone, self.email
)
class Meta:
ordering = ['firstName']
verbose_name = "Customer Contact Information"
#verbose_name_plural = "Contacts"
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
PersonModel.objects.create(user=instance)
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def save_user_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs):
instance.profile.save()
更新（最后）：在raratiru的帮助下，我已经能够获得他共享的剧本。由于我的外键要求，我仍然很难创建一个超级用户。
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
AbstractBaseUser,
PermissionsMixin,
BaseUserManager,
)
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from customers import models as customers_models
class TravelModel(models.Model):
mileageRate = models.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=3)
def __str__(self):
return '%s' % (self.mileageRate)
class Meta:
verbose_name = "Current Federal Milage Rate"
#verbose_name_plural = "Milage"
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, firstName, lastName, company, phone, password=None, **kwargs):
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.firstName = firstName
user.lastName = lastName
user.company = company
user.phone = phone
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, email, firstName, lastName, password=None, **kwargs):
#user = self.create_user(**kwargs)
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.firstName = firstName
user.lastName = lastName
user.set_password(password)
user.is_superuser = True
user.is_staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class AliasField(models.Field):
def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, virtual_only=False):
super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, virtual_only=True)
setattr(cls, name, self)
def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
return getattr(instance, self.db_column)
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
firstName = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False, null=False)
lastName = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False, null=False)
company = models.ForeignKey(customers_models.CompanyModel, on_delete=models.PROTECT, null=False)
phone = models.ForeignKey(customers_models.PhoneModel, on_delete=models.PROTECT, null=False)
email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), max_length=255, unique=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(
_('staff status'),
default=False,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
'site.'
)
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(
_('active'),
default=True,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether this user should be treated as '
'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
)
)
username = AliasField(db_column='email')
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['firstName','lastName',]
class Meta(object):
ordering = ['firstName']
verbose_name = _('Contact')
verbose_name_plural = _('Contacts')
def __str__(self):
return '%s - %s %s - %s - %s' % (self.company, self.firstName, self.lastName, self.email, self.phone)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
return self.email
def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):
"""
Sends an email to this User.
"""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)
为了规避外键挣扎，最简单的解决方案是在创建超级用户之前删除null = False要求 - 在之后分配公司和电话 - 然后将null设置为false。
这就是我扩展用户模型的方式。以下代码还将用户名替换为电子邮件字段。我发布它是因为它导致核心更改，因此它明确了背后的逻辑。
可以在this post中找到并解释基本思想。一个非常好的帖子也可以找到here。
在这种情况下，AliasField创建字段username作为email的别名。虽然这并不是必要的，因为django已经记录了找到用户模型及其相关领域的proper way。
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
AbstractBaseUser,
PermissionsMixin,
BaseUserManager,
)
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, password=None, **kwargs):
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, **kwargs):
user = self.create_user(**kwargs)
user.is_superuser = True
user.is_staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class AliasField(models.Field):
def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, private_only=False):
super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, private_only=True)
setattr(cls, name, self)
def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
return getattr(instance, self.db_column)
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
custom_field = models.ForeignKey(
'app.Model',
on_delete=models.PROTECT,
)
email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), max_length=255, unique=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(
_('staff status'),
default=False,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
'site.'
)
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(
_('active'),
default=True,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether this user should be treated as '
'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
)
)
username = AliasField(db_column='email')
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['user_branch_key', ]
class Meta(object):
ordering = ['email']
verbose_name = _('My User')
verbose_name_plural = _('My User')
def __str__(self):
return 'id: {0} - {1}, {2}'.format(self.id, self.email, self.user_branch_key)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
return self.email
def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):
"""
Sends an email to this User.
"""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)
一旦扩展了用户模型，例如在文件the_user中名为./the_user/models.py的应用程序内部，您必须在settings.py文件中进行一些更改：
INSTALLED_APPS中注册该应用程序./manage.py makemigrations && ./manage.py migrateAUTH_USER_MODEL = 'the_user.MyUser中的描述设置the docs这样，在另一个模型中，您可以添加外键，如下所示：
from the_user.models import MyUser
from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
class AModel(models.Model)
user = models.ForeignKey(
settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,
on_delete=models.PROTECT,
related_name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_user'
)