我在网上查找信息，但找不到与此特定问题相关的任何内容。
在使用 conda 环境时导入 fiona 时，我得到以下堆栈跟踪：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Users\Nick\anaconda3\envs\general\Lib\site-packages\fiona\__init__.py", line 41, in <module>
from fiona._env import (
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _env: The specified procedure could not be found.
同样，当我在终端中运行 fio 时，我收到以下消息：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Nick\anaconda3\envs\general\Scripts\fio-script.py", line 6, in <module>
from fiona.fio.main import main_group
File "C:\Users\Nick\anaconda3\envs\general\Lib\site-packages\fiona\__init__.py", line 41, in <module>
from fiona._env import (
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _env: The specified procedure could not be found.
但是，如果我使用我用来测试的新 virtualenv venv，我可以成功导入 fiona。这目前适用于我正在处理的脚本，但它不是一个永久的解决方案，因为我无法通过 pip 安装让 gdal 工作，我只能通过使用
conda install -c conda-forge gdal下面是用于创建新的 conda 环境并安装 python 和 fiona 的过程，然后尝试使用该环境导入 fiona。
Nick@w11-virt-nh MINGW64 ~/Desktop/scratch
$ conda create -n fionatest python fiona
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: C:\Users\Nick\anaconda3\envs\fionatest
added / updated specs:
- fiona
- python
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
attrs conda-forge/noarch::attrs-23.1.0-pyh71513ae_1
blosc conda-forge/win-64::blosc-1.21.5-hdccc3a2_0
bzip2 conda-forge/win-64::bzip2-1.0.8-h8ffe710_4
ca-certificates conda-forge/win-64::ca-certificates-2023.7.22-h56e8100_0
cairo conda-forge/win-64::cairo-1.18.0-h1fef639_0
cfitsio conda-forge/win-64::cfitsio-4.3.0-h9b0cee5_0
click conda-forge/noarch::click-8.1.7-win_pyh7428d3b_0
click-plugins conda-forge/noarch::click-plugins-1.1.1-py_0
cligj conda-forge/noarch::cligj-0.7.2-pyhd8ed1ab_1
colorama conda-forge/noarch::colorama-0.4.6-pyhd8ed1ab_0
expat conda-forge/win-64::expat-2.5.0-h63175ca_1
fiona conda-forge/win-64::fiona-1.9.5-py312he9aeaab_0
font-ttf-dejavu-s~ conda-forge/noarch::font-ttf-dejavu-sans-mono-2.37-hab24e00_0
font-ttf-inconsol~ conda-forge/noarch::font-ttf-inconsolata-3.000-h77eed37_0
font-ttf-source-c~ conda-forge/noarch::font-ttf-source-code-pro-2.038-h77eed37_0
font-ttf-ubuntu conda-forge/noarch::font-ttf-ubuntu-0.83-hab24e00_0
fontconfig conda-forge/win-64::fontconfig-2.14.2-hbde0cde_0
fonts-conda-ecosy~ conda-forge/noarch::fonts-conda-ecosystem-1-0
fonts-conda-forge conda-forge/noarch::fonts-conda-forge-1-0
freetype conda-forge/win-64::freetype-2.12.1-hdaf720e_2
freexl conda-forge/win-64::freexl-2.0.0-h8276f4a_0
gdal conda-forge/win-64::gdal-3.7.2-py312hb5f3cee_7
geos conda-forge/win-64::geos-3.12.0-h1537add_0
geotiff conda-forge/win-64::geotiff-1.7.1-hcf4a93f_14
gettext conda-forge/win-64::gettext-0.21.1-h5728263_0
hdf4 conda-forge/win-64::hdf4-4.2.15-h5557f11_7
hdf5 conda-forge/win-64::hdf5-1.14.2-nompi_h73e8ff5_100
icu conda-forge/win-64::icu-73.2-h63175ca_0
importlib-metadata conda-forge/noarch::importlib-metadata-6.8.0-pyha770c72_0
intel-openmp conda-forge/win-64::intel-openmp-2023.2.0-h57928b3_50496
kealib conda-forge/win-64::kealib-1.5.2-ha10e780_1
krb5 conda-forge/win-64::krb5-1.21.2-heb0366b_0
lcms2 conda-forge/win-64::lcms2-2.15-h67d730c_3
lerc conda-forge/win-64::lerc-4.0.0-h63175ca_0
libaec conda-forge/win-64::libaec-1.1.2-h63175ca_1
libarchive conda-forge/win-64::libarchive-3.7.2-h6f8411a_0
libblas conda-forge/win-64::libblas-3.9.0-18_win64_mkl
libboost-headers conda-forge/win-64::libboost-headers-1.82.0-h57928b3_6
libcblas conda-forge/win-64::libcblas-3.9.0-18_win64_mkl
libcurl conda-forge/win-64::libcurl-8.4.0-hd5e4a3a_0
libdeflate conda-forge/win-64::libdeflate-1.19-hcfcfb64_0
libexpat conda-forge/win-64::libexpat-2.5.0-h63175ca_1
libffi conda-forge/win-64::libffi-3.4.2-h8ffe710_5
libgdal conda-forge/win-64::libgdal-3.7.2-h3217549_7
libglib conda-forge/win-64::libglib-2.78.0-he8f3873_0
libhwloc conda-forge/win-64::libhwloc-2.9.3-default_haede6df_1009
libiconv conda-forge/win-64::libiconv-1.17-h8ffe710_0
libjpeg-turbo conda-forge/win-64::libjpeg-turbo-3.0.0-hcfcfb64_1
libkml conda-forge/win-64::libkml-1.3.0-haf3e7a6_1018
liblapack conda-forge/win-64::liblapack-3.9.0-18_win64_mkl
libnetcdf conda-forge/win-64::libnetcdf-4.9.2-nompi_h8284064_112
libpng conda-forge/win-64::libpng-1.6.39-h19919ed_0
libpq conda-forge/win-64::libpq-16.0-h43585b0_1
librttopo conda-forge/win-64::librttopo-1.1.0-h92c5fdb_14
libspatialite conda-forge/win-64::libspatialite-5.1.0-hbf340bc_0
libsqlite conda-forge/win-64::libsqlite-3.43.2-hcfcfb64_0
libssh2 conda-forge/win-64::libssh2-1.11.0-h7dfc565_0
libtiff conda-forge/win-64::libtiff-4.6.0-h6e2ebb7_2
libwebp-base conda-forge/win-64::libwebp-base-1.3.2-hcfcfb64_0
libxml2 conda-forge/win-64::libxml2-2.11.5-hc3477c8_1
libzip conda-forge/win-64::libzip-1.10.1-h1d365fa_3
libzlib conda-forge/win-64::libzlib-1.2.13-hcfcfb64_5
lz4-c conda-forge/win-64::lz4-c-1.9.4-hcfcfb64_0
lzo conda-forge/win-64::lzo-2.10-he774522_1000
minizip conda-forge/win-64::minizip-4.0.1-h5bed578_5
mkl conda-forge/win-64::mkl-2022.1.0-h6a75c08_874
munch conda-forge/noarch::munch-4.0.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0
numpy conda-forge/win-64::numpy-1.26.0-py312h8753938_0
openjpeg conda-forge/win-64::openjpeg-2.5.0-h3d672ee_3
openssl conda-forge/win-64::openssl-3.1.3-hcfcfb64_0
pcre2 conda-forge/win-64::pcre2-10.40-h17e33f8_0
pip conda-forge/noarch::pip-23.2.1-pyhd8ed1ab_0
pixman conda-forge/win-64::pixman-0.42.2-h63175ca_0
poppler conda-forge/win-64::poppler-23.10.0-hc2f3c52_0
poppler-data conda-forge/noarch::poppler-data-0.4.12-hd8ed1ab_0
postgresql conda-forge/win-64::postgresql-16.0-hc80876b_1
proj conda-forge/win-64::proj-9.3.0-he13c7e8_1
pthreads-win32 conda-forge/win-64::pthreads-win32-2.9.1-hfa6e2cd_3
python conda-forge/win-64::python-3.12.0-h2628c8c_0_cpython
python_abi conda-forge/win-64::python_abi-3.12-4_cp312
setuptools conda-forge/noarch::setuptools-68.2.2-pyhd8ed1ab_0
shapely conda-forge/win-64::shapely-2.0.2-py312h92c3dd1_0
six conda-forge/noarch::six-1.16.0-pyh6c4a22f_0
snappy conda-forge/win-64::snappy-1.1.10-hfb803bf_0
sqlite conda-forge/win-64::sqlite-3.43.2-hcfcfb64_0
tbb conda-forge/win-64::tbb-2021.10.0-h91493d7_1
tiledb conda-forge/win-64::tiledb-2.16.3-h1ffc264_3
tk conda-forge/win-64::tk-8.6.13-hcfcfb64_0
tzdata conda-forge/noarch::tzdata-2023c-h71feb2d_0
ucrt conda-forge/win-64::ucrt-10.0.22621.0-h57928b3_0
uriparser conda-forge/win-64::uriparser-0.9.7-h1537add_1
vc conda-forge/win-64::vc-14.3-h64f974e_17
vc14_runtime conda-forge/win-64::vc14_runtime-14.36.32532-hdcecf7f_17
vs2015_runtime conda-forge/win-64::vs2015_runtime-14.36.32532-h05e6639_17
wheel conda-forge/noarch::wheel-0.41.2-pyhd8ed1ab_0
xerces-c conda-forge/win-64::xerces-c-3.2.4-h63175ca_3
xz conda-forge/win-64::xz-5.2.6-h8d14728_0
zipp conda-forge/noarch::zipp-3.17.0-pyhd8ed1ab_0
zlib conda-forge/win-64::zlib-1.2.13-hcfcfb64_5
zstd conda-forge/win-64::zstd-1.5.5-h12be248_0
Proceed ([y]/n)?
Downloading and Extracting Packages:
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
# $ conda activate fionatest
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
# $ conda deactivate
(testing)
Nick@w11-virt-nh MINGW64 ~/Desktop/scratch
$ conda activate fionatest
(fionatest)
Nick@w11-virt-nh MINGW64 ~/Desktop/scratch
$ python
Python 3.12.0 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, Oct 3 2023, 08:26:13) [MSC v.1935 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import fiona
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Users\Nick\anaconda3\envs\fionatest\Lib\site-packages\fiona\__init__.py", line 41, in <module>
from fiona._env import (
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing _env: The specified procedure could not be found.
>>>
下面尝试与我的 test_venv 进行相同的操作（使用 virtualenv 模块制作，fiona 使用 pip 安装）并显示版本：
Nick@w11-virt-nh MINGW64 ~/Desktop/scratch/
$ source test_venv/Scripts/activate
(test_venv)
Nick@w11-virt-nh MINGW64 ~/Desktop/scratch/
$ python
Python 3.11.6 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, Oct 3 2023, 10:29:11) [MSC v.1935 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import fiona
>>> fiona.__version__
'1.9.5'
>>>
虽然这确实解决了我的问题，但如果有人有更专业的答案或知道为什么会发生这种情况，我仍然很想听听！
写完我的问题后，我重读了它，注意到我说：“用 virtualenv 模块制作，fiona 用 pip 安装”...
这导致我尝试通过 conda 删除 fiona，通过 pip 安装它，然后再次使用 conda 重新安装 gdal。这似乎解决了我的问题，因为我无法同时导入
fionagdalfio.execonda uninstall fiona
pip install fiona
conda install -c conda-forge gdal
(fionatest)
Nick@w11-virt-nh MINGW64 ~/Desktop/scratch
$ python
Python 3.12.0 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, Oct 3 2023, 08:26:13) [MSC v.1935 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import fiona
>>> from osgeo import gdal
>>> fiona.__version__
'1.9.5'
>>> gdal.__version__
'3.7.2'
>>>