在Spring Boot测试中，如何将临时文件夹映射到配置属性？

Question

我要进行自我清洁测试

在我的情况下，我的组件之一取决于目录

public class FileRepositoryManagerImpl implements ....

    @Value("${acme.fileRepository.basePath}")
    private File basePath;

}

该值在application.yml文件中定义，在DEV中它指向build下的目录。

这不是最坏的主意，因为gradle clean最终将清理测试创建的混乱。

但是，实际上，我想在这里实现的是，确保每个测试都在一个隔离的临时目录中运行，该目录在执行后会被清除。

我知道JUnit有一个用于临时目录的工具。但是一旦我在JUnit 4的范围内定义了该目录，如何告诉Spring使用该临时目录？

我tried内部类未成功：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = { SecurityBeanOverrideConfiguration.class, App.class })
@EnableConfigurationProperties
public abstract class AbstractFileRepositoryManagerIntTests {

    private final static TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();

    @ClassRule
    public static TemporaryFolder getTemporaryFolder()
    {
        return temporaryFolder;
    }

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "acme")
    static class Configuration
    {

        public FileRepository getFileRepository()
        {
            return new FileRepository();
        }

        static class FileRepository
        {

            public File basePath() throws Exception
            {
                return temporaryFolder.newFolder("fileRepositoryBaseDir");
            }
        }
    }
}

我正在考虑使用Environment进行修补，但是在Spring Boot测试中以编程方式注入属性的正确方法应该是什么？

Answer 1

我可以想到至少四种不同的方法来解决您的问题。都有各自的优点和缺点。

方法1：ReflectionTestUtils

您正在私有实例属性上使用@Value注释（请不要再使用该注释！）。因此，您无法在没有反射的情况下即时更改acme.fileRepository.basePath。

package demo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.File;

@SpringBootApplication
public class FileRepositoryApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FileRepositoryApp.class, args);
    }

    @Component
    public class FileRepository {

        @Value("${acme.fileRepository.basePath}")
        private File basePath;

        public File getBasePath() {
            return basePath;
        }
    }
}

每次用basePath进行测试后更改ReflectionTestUtils.setField。因为我们使用的是Spring的TestExecutionListener，它是在初始化Junit规则之前初始化的，所以我们不得不管理beforeTestExecution和afterTestMethod中的临时文件夹。

package demo;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;

import java.io.IOException;

import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
import static org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners.MergeMode.MERGE_WITH_DEFAULTS;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = FileRepositoryApp.class)
@TestExecutionListeners(listeners = FileRepositoryAppTest.SetBasePath.class, mergeMode = MERGE_WITH_DEFAULTS)
public class FileRepositoryAppTest {

    private static TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();

    @Autowired
    private FileRepositoryApp.FileRepository fileRepository;

    @Test
    public void method() {
        System.out.println(temporaryFolder.getRoot().getAbsolutePath());
        System.out.println(fileRepository.getBasePath());
        assertEquals(temporaryFolder.getRoot(), fileRepository.getBasePath());
    }

    @Test
    public void method1() {
        System.out.println(temporaryFolder.getRoot().getAbsolutePath());
        System.out.println(fileRepository.getBasePath());
        assertEquals(temporaryFolder.getRoot(), fileRepository.getBasePath());
    }

    static class SetBasePath implements TestExecutionListener {

        @Override
        public void beforeTestExecution(TestContext testContext) throws IOException {
            temporaryFolder.create();
            if (testContext.hasApplicationContext()) {
                FileRepositoryApp.FileRepository bean = testContext.getApplicationContext().getBean(FileRepositoryApp.FileRepository.class);
                ReflectionTestUtils.setField(bean, "basePath", temporaryFolder.getRoot());
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void afterTestMethod(TestContext testContext) {
            temporaryFolder.delete();
        }
    }
}



方法2：配置属性

为您的应用程序配置引入配置属性类。它免费为您提供type safety，我们不再依赖反射。

package demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.File;

@SpringBootApplication
public class FileRepositoryWithPropertiesApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FileRepositoryWithPropertiesApp.class, args);
    }

    @Component
    public class FileRepository {

        private final FileRepositoryProperties fileRepositoryProperties;

        public FileRepository(FileRepositoryProperties fileRepositoryProperties) {
            this.fileRepositoryProperties = fileRepositoryProperties;
        }

        public File getBasePath() {
            return fileRepositoryProperties.getBasePath();
        }
    }

    @Component
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "acme.file-repository")
    public class FileRepositoryProperties {

        private File basePath;

        public File getBasePath() {
            return basePath;
        }

        public void setBasePath(File basePath) {
            this.basePath = basePath;
        }
    }

}
由于我们使用的是Spring的TestExecutionListener，它是在初始化Junit规则之前初始化的，因此我们被迫管理beforeTestExecution和afterTestMethod中的临时文件夹。

package demo;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListener;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.io.IOException;

import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
import static org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners.MergeMode.MERGE_WITH_DEFAULTS;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = FileRepositoryWithPropertiesApp.class)
@TestExecutionListeners(listeners = FileRepositoryWithPropertiesTest.SetBasePath.class, mergeMode = MERGE_WITH_DEFAULTS)
public class FileRepositoryWithPropertiesTest {

    private static TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();

    @Autowired
    private FileRepositoryWithPropertiesApp.FileRepository bean;

    @Test
    public void method() {
        System.out.println(temporaryFolder.getRoot().getAbsolutePath());
        System.out.println(bean.getBasePath());
        assertEquals(temporaryFolder.getRoot(), bean.getBasePath());
    }

    @Test
    public void method1() {
        System.out.println(temporaryFolder.getRoot().getAbsolutePath());
        System.out.println(bean.getBasePath());
        assertEquals(temporaryFolder.getRoot(), bean.getBasePath());
    }

    static class SetBasePath implements TestExecutionListener {

        @Override
        public void beforeTestExecution(TestContext testContext) throws IOException {
            temporaryFolder.create();
            if (testContext.hasApplicationContext()) {
                FileRepositoryWithPropertiesApp.FileRepositoryProperties bean = testContext.getApplicationContext().getBean(FileRepositoryWithPropertiesApp.FileRepositoryProperties.class);
                bean.setBasePath(temporaryFolder.getRoot());
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void afterTestMethod(TestContext testContext) {
            temporaryFolder.delete();
        }
    }
}
方法3：重构您的代码（我的最爱）

将basePath提取到其自己的类中，并将其隐藏在api之后。现在，您无需再戳您的应用程序属性和一个临时文件夹。

package demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.File;

@SpringBootApplication
public class FileRepositoryWithAbstractionApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FileRepositoryWithAbstractionApp.class, args);
    }

    @Component
    public class FileRepository {

        private final FileRepositorySource fileRepositorySource;

        public FileRepository(FileRepositorySource fileRepositorySource) {
            this.fileRepositorySource = fileRepositorySource;
        }

        public File getBasePath() {
            return fileRepositorySource.getBasePath();
        }
    }

    @Component
    public class FileRepositorySource {

        private final FileRepositoryProperties fileRepositoryProperties;

        public FileRepositorySource(FileRepositoryProperties fileRepositoryProperties) {
            this.fileRepositoryProperties = fileRepositoryProperties;
        }

        // TODO for the sake of brevity no real api here
        public File getBasePath() {
            return fileRepositoryProperties.getBasePath();
        }
    }

    @Component
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "acme.file-repository")
    public class FileRepositoryProperties {

        private File basePath;

        public File getBasePath() {
            return basePath;
        }

        public void setBasePath(File basePath) {
            this.basePath = basePath;
        }
    }
}
我们不再需要任何其他测试工具，可以在@Rule上使用TemporaryFolder。

package demo;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = FileRepositoryWithAbstractionApp.class)
public class FileRepositoryWithAbstractionTest {

    @Rule
    public TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();

    @MockBean
    private FileRepositoryWithAbstractionApp.FileRepositorySource fileRepositorySource;

    @Autowired
    private FileRepositoryWithAbstractionApp.FileRepository bean;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        when(fileRepositorySource.getBasePath()).thenReturn(temporaryFolder.getRoot());
    }

    @Test
    public void method() {
        System.out.println(temporaryFolder.getRoot().getAbsolutePath());
        System.out.println(bean.getBasePath());
        assertEquals(temporaryFolder.getRoot(), bean.getBasePath());
    }

    @Test
    public void method1() {
        System.out.println(temporaryFolder.getRoot().getAbsolutePath());
        System.out.println(bean.getBasePath());
        assertEquals(temporaryFolder.getRoot(), bean.getBasePath());
    }

}

方法4：TestPropertySource

使用Spring的TestPropertySource注释选择性地覆盖测试中的属性。因为Java注释不能具有动态值，所以您需要事先确定要在何处创建目录，并要记住，由于使用了os路径分隔符，因此测试已绑定到特定的操作系统。

package demo;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

import static demo.FileRepositoryTestPropertySourceTest.BASE_PATH;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = FileRepositoryApp.class)
@TestPropertySource(properties = "acme.fileRepository.basePath=" + BASE_PATH)
public class FileRepositoryTestPropertySourceTest {

    static final String BASE_PATH = "/tmp/junit-base-path";

    private Path basePath = Paths.get(BASE_PATH);;

    @Autowired
    private FileRepositoryApp.FileRepository fileRepository;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws IOException {
        Files.deleteIfExists(basePath);
        Files.createDirectories(basePath);
    }

    @After
    public void after() throws IOException {
        Files.deleteIfExists(basePath);
    }

    @Test
    public void method() {
        System.out.println(fileRepository.getBasePath());
    }
}