Pydantic - 如何子类化内置类型

问题描述 投票:0回答:3

我正在尝试创建一个 timedelta 的子类,它期望接收毫秒而不是秒,但它目前不起作用。

我是否违背了规律? Pydantic 是否有“正确”的方法来实现这一目标?或者我是否需要以某种方式告诉 Pydantic

MillisecondTimedelta
只是一个
timedelta
..

from datetime import timedelta

from pydantic import BaseModel


class MillisecondTimedelta(timedelta):
    @classmethod
    def __get_validators__(cls):
        # timedelta expects seconds
        yield lambda v: v / 1000
        yield cls


class MyModel(BaseModel):
    td: MillisecondTimedelta

data = {
    "td": 7598040,
}

print(MyModel(**data))

结果:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 14, in <module>
    class MyModel(BaseModel):
  File "pydantic/main.py", line 262, in pydantic.main.ModelMetaclass.__new__
  File "pydantic/fields.py", line 315, in pydantic.fields.ModelField.infer
  File "pydantic/fields.py", line 284, in pydantic.fields.ModelField.__init__
  File "pydantic/fields.py", line 362, in pydantic.fields.ModelField.prepare
  File "pydantic/fields.py", line 541, in pydantic.fields.ModelField.populate_validators
  File "pydantic/class_validators.py", line 255, in pydantic.class_validators.prep_validators
  File "pydantic/class_validators.py", line 238, in pydantic.class_validators.make_generic_validator
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/inspect.py", line 3105, in signature
    return Signature.from_callable(obj, follow_wrapped=follow_wrapped)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/inspect.py", line 2854, in from_callable
    return _signature_from_callable(obj, sigcls=cls,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/inspect.py", line 2384, in _signature_from_callable
    raise ValueError(
ValueError: no signature found for builtin type <class '__main__.MillisecondTimedelta'>
python subclass built-in pydantic
3个回答
2
投票

__get_validators__()

的文档页面上所示,您需要生成一个或多个验证器。

修改后的类报告如下;问题是 Pydantic 理解(对于 timedelta 字段) int 和浮点为秒 (源)

class MillisecondTimedelta(timedelta):
    @classmethod
    def __get_validators__(cls):
        yield cls.validate

    @classmethod
    def validate(cls, v):
        if any(isinstance(v, t) for t in (int, float)):
            return cls(milliseconds=v)

现在一切都应该正常工作了。

>>> data = {"td": 1000}
>>> print(MyModel(**data))
td=MillisecondTimedelta(seconds=1)

编辑:如果没有自定义类和验证器,可以使用函数来编辑分配给类构造函数的值;需要装饰这个函数,如这里所示

class MyModel(BaseModel):
    td: timedelta

    @validator('td')
    def convert_to_ms(cls, v):
        return v / 1000

这个解决方案也有效:

>>> data = {"td": 3000}
>>> print(MyModel(**data))
td=datetime.timedelta(seconds=3)

0
投票

啊哈,原来我需要改变两件事。

  1. 实际上从验证器返回一个

    timedelta
    ,我正在返回
    cls
    ,这是我的自定义子类。

  2. 不要子类化

    timedelta

from datetime import timedelta

from pydantic import BaseModel


class MillisecondTimedelta:

    @classmethod
    def __get_validators__(cls):
        yield lambda v: timedelta(milliseconds=v)


class MyModel(BaseModel):
    td: MillisecondTimedelta


data = {
    "td": 7598040,
}

print(repr(MyModel(**data)))
MyModel(td=datetime.timedelta(seconds=7598, microseconds=40000))

0
投票

在 pydantic v2 中你可以做这样的事情:

MillisecondTimedelta = Annotated[
    timedelta,
    BeforeValidator(lambda v: v / 1000 if isinstance(v, int) else v),
    PlainSerializer(lambda v: int(v.total_seconds() * 1000), return_type=int),
]
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