Django学生与教师ManyToMany关系

Question

我正在尝试建立多对多教师/学生关系。老师和学生都是“用户”类的对象（我编辑了一些不相关的字段）。我在理解这种关系应该如何工作时遇到问题。

基本上，我希望能够做类似的事情

u1 = User.objects.get(pk=<student pk>)
u1.teachers.all()

u2 = User.objects.get(pk=<teacher pk>)
u2.students.all()

有可能吗？

阅读了一些文档和教程之后，这就是我定义User类和StudentTeacher关系的方式：

class User(AbstractUser):
    is_student = models.BooleanField('student status', default=False)
    is_teacher = models.BooleanField('teacher status', default=False)
    teachers = models.ManyToManyField('self', through="StudentTeacher", through_fields=('student', 'teacher'), symmetrical=False)
    students = models.ManyToManyField('self', through="StudentTeacher", through_fields=('teacher', 'student'), symmetrical=False)

class StudentTeacher(models.Model):
    teacher = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='students', on_delete=models.CASCADE, limit_choices_to={'is_teacher': True})
    student = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='teachers', on_delete=models.CASCADE, limit_choices_to={'is_student': True})

这是当我尝试生成迁移时发生的事情（wiscom是我的应用程序的名称）：

wiscom.StudentTeacher.student: (fields.E302) Reverse accessor for 'StudentTeacher.student' clashes with field name 'User.teachers'.
    HINT: Rename field 'User.teachers', or add/change a related_name argument to the definition for field 'StudentTeacher.student'.
wiscom.StudentTeacher.student: (fields.E303) Reverse query name for 'StudentTeacher.student' clashes with field name 'User.teachers'.
    HINT: Rename field 'User.teachers', or add/change a related_name argument to the definition for field 'StudentTeacher.student'.
wiscom.StudentTeacher.teacher: (fields.E302) Reverse accessor for 'StudentTeacher.teacher' clashes with field name 'User.students'.
    HINT: Rename field 'User.students', or add/change a related_name argument to the definition for field 'StudentTeacher.teacher'.
wiscom.StudentTeacher.teacher: (fields.E303) Reverse query name for 'StudentTeacher.teacher' clashes with field name 'User.students'.
    HINT: Rename field 'User.students', or add/change a related_name argument to the definition for field 'StudentTeacher.teacher'.
wiscom.User.students: (fields.E304) Reverse accessor for 'User.students' clashes with reverse accessor for 'User.teachers'.
    HINT: Add or change a related_name argument to the definition for 'User.students' or 'User.teachers'.
wiscom.User.teachers: (fields.E304) Reverse accessor for 'User.teachers' clashes with reverse accessor for 'User.students'.
    HINT: Add or change a related_name argument to the definition for 'User.teachers' or 'User.students'.

Answer 1

您在这里的关系太多了。您不需要StudentTeacher模型，只需要一个ManyToManyField。

class User(AbstractUser):
    students = models.ManyToManyField('self', symmetrical=False, related_name='teachers')

现在您的代码可以完全按照给定的方式工作。