R中的“错误：软件包'_____'是在3.0.0之前构建的：请重新安装它的原因”

Question

在一台运行R 2.15.2的计算机上，我已经从.zip文件安装了软件包（这些软件包碰巧是ggplot2和data.table，但是我不认为特定的软件包是我的问题。）一切正常。我将这些程序包带到没有Internet连接的计算机上并安装了它们。这台其他计算机正在运行R 3.0.1。这些软件包的安装似乎没有问题（使用R的“从本地zip文件安装软件包”选项）。当我使用library（）调用程序包时，出现以下错误：

Error: package '<insert name of newly installed package here>' was build before 3.0.0: please-re-install it

有人可以解释引发此错误的潜在原因吗？ .zip软件包是否必须包含特定目录才能正确安装？如果将R安装在加载.zip软件包的单独分区上，这会导致错误吗？

我不知所措，非常感谢任何指针。这是很难复制的。如果您需要任何其他版本/系统参数来了解此问题，请随时询问。

Answer 1

运行install.packages("codetools")可以解决R 3.0.2的这个问题，如果您遇到和我一样的问题：

installing to /home/user/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.0/Rcpp/libs
** R
** inst
** preparing package for lazy loading
Error : package ‘**codetools**’ was built before R 3.0.0: please re-install it
Error : unable to load R code in package ‘Rcpp’
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package ‘Rcpp’

Answer 2

我在查看GitHub ggplot2 issue #796时发现了此解决方案

update.packages(checkBuilt = TRUE, ask = FALSE)

它将更新所有需要重新安装的软件包。

Answer 3

我根据https://github.com/rstudio/shiny-server/wiki/Ubuntu-step-by-step-install-instructions安装了闪亮的灯>

并且在步骤中出现相同的错误

sudo su - -c "R -e \"install.packages('shiny', repos='http://cran.rstudio.com/')\""

Warning messages:
1: In install.packages("shiny", repos = "http://cran.rstudio.com/") :
 installation of package ‘Rcpp’ had non-zero exit status
2: In install.packages("shiny", repos = "http://cran.rstudio.com/") :
 installation of package ‘httpuv’ had non-zero exit status
3: In install.packages("shiny", repos = "http://cran.rstudio.com/") :
 installation of package ‘shiny’ had non-zero exit status
我以R开头尝试了Richard Lee的答案

R
并得到错误

Warning in install.packages("shiny") :
'lib = "/usr/local/lib/R/site-library"' is not writable
Would you like to use a personal library instead?  (y/n) n
Error in install.packages("shiny") : unable to install packages
显然没有写权限，所以

sudo R
现在我再试一次

install.packages("shiny")
并且有很多错误

Error : package ‘codetools’ was built before R 3.0.0: please re-install it
Error : package ‘RJSONIO’ was built before R 3.0.0: please re-install it
Error : package ‘caTools’ was built before R 3.0.0: please re-install it
Error : package ‘bitops’ was built before R 3.0.0: please re-install it
Error : package ‘digest’ was built before R 3.0.0: please re-install it
Error : package ‘xtable’ was built before R 3.0.0: please re-install it
每次遇到错误，我都会重新安装所需的软件包

install.packages("codetools")
install.packages("RJSONIO")
etc.
并且最终，我能够安装Rccp，httpuv甚至是Shiny。现在可以了！！ 

也请参见Shiny package installation on R version 3.0.2 "Frisbee Sailing"

Answer 4

我正在精确地使用rkward

Answer 5

[我试图在Ubuntu 12.04LTS的R（v3.1.0）上安装swir：

Answer 6

这是我使用的解决方法：