信任库中的根证书是否足以建立连接？

问题描述 投票：0回答：2

信任库中的根证书是否足以与网站建立连接？如果是这样，为了测试，我已经将google的根证书导入到我创建的新信任库中并指向该信任库。即使那样，我也收到以下异常。javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target

但是，如果我尝试使用默认的Java信任库连接到Google，那么它将正常工作。有人可以帮我吗？ TIA。

java ssl httpsurlconnection
2个回答
1
投票

我刚刚尝试为google.com建立一个https get请求。已加载GlobalSign证书。 Google的证书是由此CA签名的，因此ssl握手应该可以通过。下面是我使用的代码，它可以正常工作。

    @Test
    public void callGoogleWithRootCA() throws IOException, KeyStoreException, CertificateException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
        String trustStorePath = "keystores-for-unit-tests/truststore.jks";
        String trustStorePassword = "secret";

        KeyStore trustStore;

        try(InputStream keystoreInputStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(trustStorePath)) {
            if (isNull(keystoreInputStream)) {
                throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Could not find the keystore file with the given location %s", trustStorePath));
            }

            KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
            keystore.load(keystoreInputStream, trustStorePassword.toCharArray());
            trustStore = keystore;
        }

        TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        trustManagerFactory.init(trustStore);

        SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.2");
        sslContext.init(null, trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers(), null);

        HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection) new URL("https://www.google.com").openConnection();
        connection.setSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());
        connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
        String responseBody = IOUtils.toString(connection.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();

        assertThat(responseCode).isEqualTo(200);
    }

请参阅此处的密钥库文件中的特定证书：root ca for google

我无法在此处上传密钥库文件，但这是我用于将证书导入到新密钥库的pem文件：

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

在握手过程中，我得到以下信息：

javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-12-02 01:29:04.529 CET|CertificateMessage.java:358|Consuming server Certificate handshake message (
"Certificates": [
  "certificate" : {
    "version"            : "v3",
    "serial number"      : "75 20 46 4B 8D AC DC 10 08 00 00 00 00 1D 8A 52",
    "signature algorithm": "SHA256withRSA",
    "issuer"             : "CN=GTS CA 1O1, O=Google Trust Services, C=US",
    "not before"         : "2019-11-05 08:46:45.000 CET",
    "not  after"         : "2020-01-28 08:46:45.000 CET",
    "subject"            : "CN=www.google.com, O=Google LLC, L=Mountain View, ST=California, C=US",
    "subject public key" : "EC",
    "extensions"         : [
      {
        ObjectId: 1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.4.2 Criticality=false
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1 Criticality=false
        AuthorityInfoAccess [
          [
           accessMethod: ocsp
           accessLocation: URIName: http://ocsp.pki.goog/gts1o1
        , 
           accessMethod: caIssuers
           accessLocation: URIName: http://pki.goog/gsr2/GTS1O1.crt
        ]
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.35 Criticality=false
        AuthorityKeyIdentifier [
        KeyIdentifier [
        0000: 98 D1 F8 6E 10 EB CF 9B   EC 60 9F 18 90 1B A0 EB  ...n.....`......
        0010: 7D 09 FD 2B                                        ...+
        ]
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.19 Criticality=true
        BasicConstraints:[
          CA:false
          PathLen: undefined
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.31 Criticality=false
        CRLDistributionPoints [
          [DistributionPoint:
             [URIName: http://crl.pki.goog/GTS1O1.crl]
        ]]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.32 Criticality=false
        CertificatePolicies [
          [CertificatePolicyId: [2.23.140.1.2.2]
        []  ]
          [CertificatePolicyId: [1.3.6.1.4.1.11129.2.5.3]
        []  ]
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.37 Criticality=false
        ExtendedKeyUsages [
          serverAuth
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.15 Criticality=true
        KeyUsage [
          DigitalSignature
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.17 Criticality=false
        SubjectAlternativeName [
          DNSName: www.google.com
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=false
        SubjectKeyIdentifier [
        KeyIdentifier [
        0000: 63 55 73 A0 9D C3 D5 FA   3C 1A 17 EA 0B 72 AB EF  cUs.....<....r..
        0010: D3 15 15 BB                                        ....
        ]
        ]
      }
    ]},
  "certificate" : {
    "version"            : "v3",
    "serial number"      : "01 E3 B4 9A A1 8D 8A A9 81 25 69 50 B8",
    "signature algorithm": "SHA256withRSA",
    "issuer"             : "CN=GlobalSign, O=GlobalSign, OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2",
    "not before"         : "2017-06-15 02:00:42.000 CEST",
    "not  after"         : "2021-12-15 01:00:42.000 CET",
    "subject"            : "CN=GTS CA 1O1, O=Google Trust Services, C=US",
    "subject public key" : "RSA",
    "extensions"         : [
      {
        ObjectId: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1 Criticality=false
        AuthorityInfoAccess [
          [
           accessMethod: ocsp
           accessLocation: URIName: http://ocsp.pki.goog/gsr2
        ]
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.35 Criticality=false
        AuthorityKeyIdentifier [
        KeyIdentifier [
        0000: 9B E2 07 57 67 1C 1E C0   6A 06 DE 59 B4 9A 2D DF  ...Wg...j..Y..-.
        0010: DC 19 86 2E                                        ....
        ]
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.19 Criticality=true
        BasicConstraints:[
          CA:true
          PathLen:0
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.31 Criticality=false
        CRLDistributionPoints [
          [DistributionPoint:
             [URIName: http://crl.pki.goog/gsr2/gsr2.crl]
        ]]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.32 Criticality=false
        CertificatePolicies [
          [CertificatePolicyId: [2.23.140.1.2.2]
        [PolicyQualifierInfo: [
          qualifierID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1
          qualifier: 0000: 16 1C 68 74 74 70 73 3A   2F 2F 70 6B 69 2E 67 6F  ..https://pki.go
        0010: 6F 67 2F 72 65 70 6F 73   69 74 6F 72 79 2F        og/repository/

        ]]  ]
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.37 Criticality=false
        ExtendedKeyUsages [
          serverAuth
          clientAuth
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.15 Criticality=true
        KeyUsage [
          DigitalSignature
          Key_CertSign
          Crl_Sign
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=false
        SubjectKeyIdentifier [
        KeyIdentifier [
        0000: 98 D1 F8 6E 10 EB CF 9B   EC 60 9F 18 90 1B A0 EB  ...n.....`......
        0010: 7D 09 FD 2B                                        ...+
        ]
        ]
      }
    ]}
]
)
javax.net.ssl|DEBUG|01|main|2019-12-02 01:29:04.566 CET|X509TrustManagerImpl.java:242|Found trusted certificate (
  "certificate" : {
    "version"            : "v3",
    "serial number"      : "04 00 00 00 00 01 0F 86 26 E6 0D",
    "signature algorithm": "SHA1withRSA",
    "issuer"             : "CN=GlobalSign, O=GlobalSign, OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2",
    "not before"         : "2006-12-15 09:00:00.000 CET",
    "not  after"         : "2021-12-15 09:00:00.000 CET",
    "subject"            : "CN=GlobalSign, O=GlobalSign, OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2",
    "subject public key" : "RSA",
    "extensions"         : [
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.35 Criticality=false
        AuthorityKeyIdentifier [
        KeyIdentifier [
        0000: 9B E2 07 57 67 1C 1E C0   6A 06 DE 59 B4 9A 2D DF  ...Wg...j..Y..-.
        0010: DC 19 86 2E                                        ....
        ]
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.19 Criticality=true
        BasicConstraints:[
          CA:true
          PathLen:2147483647
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.31 Criticality=false
        CRLDistributionPoints [
          [DistributionPoint:
             [URIName: http://crl.globalsign.net/root-r2.crl]
        ]]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.15 Criticality=true
        KeyUsage [
          Key_CertSign
          Crl_Sign
        ]
      },
      {
        ObjectId: 2.5.29.14 Criticality=false
        SubjectKeyIdentifier [
        KeyIdentifier [
        0000: 9B E2 07 57 67 1C 1E C0   6A 06 DE 59 B4 9A 2D DF  ...Wg...j..Y..-.
        0010: DC 19 86 2E                                        ....
        ]
        ]
      }
    ]}
)

所以回到您的问题，可能您的密钥库未加载。您能否验证密钥库文件是否不为null？

1
投票

这里有一个更详细的答案：

在TLS握手过程中，服务器发送证书列表，形成一个链。在TLS 1.2 RFC 5246中，解释为：

这是证书的序列（链）。发件人的证书必须在列表中排在第一位。接下来的每份证书必须直接证明之前的证书。因为证书验证要求根密钥是独立分发的，所以在假定远程端必须已经拥有根证书才能在任何情况下对其进行验证的前提下，可以从链中省略指定根证书颁发机构的自签名证书。 >

证书的根始终是自签名的，对于全局接受的根CA（证书颁发机构），证书存储在客户端平台（即Mozilla，MacOS，Java，Android，Windows等）中。因此，服务器无需发送此证书。

同一RFC还提到：

实施负责验证证书的完整性，通常应支持证书吊销消息。证书应始终经过验证，以确保由受信任的证书颁发机构（CA）正确签名。信任CA的选择和添加应非常谨慎。用户应该能够查看有关证书和根CA的信息。

换句话说，平台实现将遍历证书链，并继续验证证书，直到它到达信任库中的证书为止。信任存储中存在的任何证书都不会被验证，并将被视为可信证书。

在TLS 1.3 RFC 8446中提到为：

实施负责验证证书的完整性，通常应支持证书吊销消息。缺少应用程序配置文件中的特定指示时，应始终对证书进行验证，以确保由受信任的证书颁发机构（CA）进行正确的签名。信任锚的选择和添加应非常谨慎。用户应该能够查看有关证书和信任锚的信息。

进一步说：

自签名证书或作为信任锚的证书上的签名未得到验证，因为它们开始了证书路径

[现在，对于Google，如果我们在https://www.ssllabs.com/中测试服务器，我们可以看到证书www.google.com和GTS CA 101是由服务器发送的，而GlobalSign证书存在于的信任库中平台。

希望这可以澄清我之前的评论。

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