无法在 ubuntu 20.04 中安装 g++ 和 build-essentials

Question

即使用

apt-get clean

清洁后，它还是说有破损的包裹。

 sudo dpkg -l | grep ^..r

如[1]中所述，不返回任何内容。

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 build-essential : Depends: libc6-dev but it is not going to be installed or
                            libc-dev
                   Depends: g++ (>= 4:9.2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

[1] https://www.techbrown.com/fix-broken-packages-ubuntu-debian/

Answer 1

TL;DR：必须降级

libc6

然后才能安装

build-essential

经历过同样的事情：

$ sudo apt install build-essential
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 build-essential : Depends: libc6-dev but it is not going to be installed or
                            libc-dev
                   Depends: g++ (>= 4:9.2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

这是我修复它的方法。

检查了

apt-cache policy g++

，我认为这已经很满意了，所以我继续：

$ apt-cache policy g++
g++:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2
  Version table:
     4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2 500
        500 http://mirrors.xtom.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages

已检查

apt-cache policy libc6-dev

：

$ apt-cache policy libc6-dev
libc6-dev:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2.31-0ubuntu9.2
  Version table:
     2.31-0ubuntu9.2 500
        500 http://mirrors.xtom.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages
     2.31-0ubuntu9 500
        500 http://mirrors.xtom.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages

尝试安装特定版本（上面显示的最新版本）：

$ sudo apt install libc6-dev=2.31-0ubuntu9.2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libc6-dev : Depends: libc6 (= 2.31-0ubuntu9.2) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.3 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

做了同样的事情，尝试安装特定的

libc6

版本：

$ sudo apt install libc6=2.31-0ubuntu9.2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
  glibc-doc
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  libc6
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 2,715 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
...
dpkg: warning: downgrading libc6:amd64 from 2.31-0ubuntu9.3 to 2.31-0ubuntu9.2
...

强调我收到的警告：

dpkg: warning: downgrading libc6:amd64 from 2.31-0ubuntu9.3 to 2.31-0ubuntu9.2

现在我可以安装了

build-essential

:

$ sudo apt install build-essential
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  g++ g++-9 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libstdc++-9-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
Suggested packages:
  g++-multilib g++-9-multilib gcc-9-doc glibc-doc libstdc++-9-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  build-essential g++ g++-9 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libstdc++-9-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 16.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 77.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

我阅读了多个不同的 stackoverflow 帖子，这些帖子导致我使用了我不熟悉的

apt-cache policy $package

。然后我就玩玩了。

Answer 2

在寻找答案后，我想手动安装“正确”版本，并在下载 pkg 文件时遇到此问题：

将以下行添加到 /etc/apt/sources.list：

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main

更新包索引：

sudo apt-get update

添加此存储库后，我可以使用以下命令安装 build-essential：

sudo apt-get install build-essential

Answer 3

我在使用

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

时遇到了类似的问题，

错误：

sudo apt install build-essential

解决方案：

我尝试使用命令降级软件包

...
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libc6-dev : Depends: libc6 (= 2.35-0ubuntu3) but 2.35-0ubuntu3.1 is to be installed
             Depends: libtirpc-dev but it is not going to be installed
             Depends: libnsl-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

但是并没有解决问题，还导致最后一个

---

错误：

sudo apt install libc6=2.35-0ubuntu3

解决方案：

于是，我又把报错包降级了

...
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libtirpc-dev : Depends: libtirpc3 (= 1.3.2-2build1) but 1.3.2-2ubuntu0.1 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

现在问题终于解决了，我可以使用了

sudo apt-get install libtirpc3=1.3.2-2build1

sudo apt-get install build-essential

g++ --version

Answer 4

g++ (Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1) 11.2.0
Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

在我的案例中，有 3 个存储库返回错误。比如，

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

刚刚启动软件更新程序，删除了有错误的 PPA，现在我可以安装新软件而无需获取

E: The repository 'cdrom://Ubuntu 20.04 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20200423) focal Release' does not have a Release file.

错误。

Answer 5

Depends: libc6 (>= 2.33) but 2.31-0ubuntu9.2 is to be installed

那么你可以

sudo apt --fix-broken install

Answer 6

在 Canonical Partners（不是源代码）中标记“勾选”，然后执行

sudo apt install build-essential