有什么方法可以通过Python中的进程名称获取PID吗?
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
3110 meysam 20 0 971m 286m 63m S 14.0 7.9 14:24.50 chrome
例如,我需要通过3110
获得chrome
。
您可以使用pidof
通过subprocess.check_output按名称获取流程的pid:
from subprocess import check_output
def get_pid(name):
return check_output(["pidof",name])
In [5]: get_pid("java")
Out[5]: '23366\n'
check_output(["pidof",name])
将以"pidof process_name"
运行命令,如果返回代码非零,则会引发CalledProcessError。
要处理多个条目并转换为整数:
from subprocess import check_output
def get_pid(name):
return map(int,check_output(["pidof",name]).split())
在[21]中:get_pid(“chrome”)
Out[21]:
[27698, 27678, 27665, 27649, 27540, 27530, 27517, 14884, 14719, 13849, 13708, 7713, 7310, 7291, 7217, 7208, 7204, 7189, 7180, 7175, 7166, 7151, 7138, 7127, 7117, 7114, 7107, 7095, 7091, 7087, 7083, 7073, 7065, 7056, 7048, 7028, 7011, 6997]
或者通过-s
标志获得一个pid:
def get_pid(name):
return int(check_output(["pidof","-s",name]))
In [25]: get_pid("chrome")
Out[25]: 27698
对于posix(Linux,BSD等...只需要安装/ proc目录),使用/ proc中的os文件更容易。它纯粹的python,无需在外面调用shell程序。
适用于python 2和3(唯一的区别(2to3)是异常树,因此“除了Exception”,我不喜欢但保持兼容性。也可以创建自定义异常。)
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
for dirname in os.listdir('/proc'):
if dirname == 'curproc':
continue
try:
with open('/proc/{}/cmdline'.format(dirname), mode='rb') as fd:
content = fd.read().decode().split('\x00')
except Exception:
continue
for i in sys.argv[1:]:
if i in content[0]:
print('{0:<12} : {1}'.format(dirname, ' '.join(content)))
示例输出(它的工作方式类似于pgrep):
phoemur ~/python $ ./pgrep.py bash
1487 : -bash
1779 : /bin/bash
你也可以使用pgrep
,在prgep
你也可以给出匹配模式
import subprocess
child = subprocess.Popen(['pgrep','program_name'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
result = child.communicate()[0]
你也可以像这样使用awk
和ps
ps aux | awk '/name/{print $2}'
基于优秀@ Hackaholic的answer的完整示例:
def get_process_id(name):
"""Return process ids found by (partial) name or regex.
>>> get_process_id('kthreadd')
[2]
>>> get_process_id('watchdog')
[10, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51, 56, 61] # ymmv
>>> get_process_id('non-existent process')
[]
"""
child = subprocess.Popen(['pgrep', '-f', name], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False)
response = child.communicate()[0]
return [int(pid) for pid in response.split()]
为了改进Padraic的答案:当check_output
返回一个非零代码时,它会引发一个CalledProcessError。当进程不存在或未运行时会发生这种情况。
我要做的就是抓住这个例外:
#!/usr/bin/python
from subprocess import check_output, CalledProcessError
def getPIDs(process):
try:
pidlist = map(int, check_output(["pidof", process]).split())
except CalledProcessError:
pidlist = []
print 'list of PIDs = ' + ', '.join(str(e) for e in pidlist)
if __name__ == '__main__':
getPIDs("chrome")
输出:
$ python pidproc.py
list of PIDS = 31840, 31841, 41942
如果您的操作系统是Unix基础,请使用此代码:
import os
def check_process(name):
output = []
cmd = "ps -aef | grep -i '%s' | grep -v 'grep' | awk '{ print $2 }' > /tmp/out"
os.system(cmd % name)
with open('/tmp/out', 'r') as f:
line = f.readline()
while line:
output.append(line.strip())
line = f.readline()
if line.strip():
output.append(line.strip())
return output
然后调用它并传递一个进程名称以获取所有PID。
>>> check_process('firefox')
['499', '621', '623', '630', '11733']
从Python 3.5开始,推荐使用subprocess.run()而不是subprocess.check_output():
>>> int(subprocess.run(["pidof", "-s", "your_process"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE).stdout)
此外,从Python 3.7开始,您可以使用capture_output=true
参数来捕获stdout和stderr:
>>> int(subprocess.run(["pidof", "-s", "your process"], capture_output=True).stdout)