我无法使用 pip install Pillow 在我的 venv 中安装 Pillow。这是我收到的错误消息。
Building wheel for Pillow (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Building wheel for Pillow (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [199 lines of output]
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win32-cpython-39
creating build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\BdfFontFile.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\BlpImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\BmpImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\BufrStubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ContainerIO.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\CurImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\DcxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\DdsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\EpsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ExifTags.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\features.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\FitsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\FliImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\FontFile.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\FpxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\FtexImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\GbrImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\GdImageFile.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\GifImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\GimpGradientFile.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\GimpPaletteFile.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\GribStubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\IcnsImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\IcoImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\Image.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageChops.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageCms.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageColor.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageDraw.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageDraw2.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageEnhance.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageFile.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageFilter.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageFont.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageGrab.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageMath.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageMode.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageMorph.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageOps.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImagePalette.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImagePath.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageQt.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageSequence.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageShow.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageStat.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageTk.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageTransform.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImageWin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\ImtImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\IptcImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\JpegImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\JpegPresets.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\McIdasImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\MicImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\MpegImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\MpoImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\MspImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PaletteFile.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PalmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PcdImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PcfFontFile.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PcxImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PdfImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PdfParser.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PixarImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PngImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PpmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PsdImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PSDraw.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\PyAccess.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\QoiImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\SgiImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\SpiderImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\SunImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\TarIO.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\TgaImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\TiffImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\TiffTags.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\WalImageFile.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\WebPImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\WmfImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\XbmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\XpmImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\XVThumbImagePlugin.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\_binary.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\_deprecate.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\_tkinter_finder.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\_util.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\_version.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
copying src\PIL\__main__.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-39\PIL
running egg_info
writing src\Pillow.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to src\Pillow.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing requirements to src\Pillow.egg-info\requires.txt
writing top-level names to src\Pillow.egg-info\top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'src\Pillow.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
warning: no files found matching '*.c'
warning: no files found matching '*.h'
warning: no files found matching '*.sh'
warning: no files found matching '*.txt'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.appveyor.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.clang-format'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.editorconfig'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.readthedocs.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'codecov.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'renovate.json'
warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
no previously-included directories found matching '.ci'
no previously-included directories found matching 'wheels'
adding license file 'LICENSE'
writing manifest file 'src\Pillow.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
running build_ext
The headers or library files could not be found for zlib,
a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
Please see the install instructions at:
https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 988, in <module>
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 103, in setup
return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 185, in setup
return run_commands(dist)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\core.py", line 201, in run_commands
dist.run_commands()
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 969, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 989, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 988, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\normal\Lib\site-packages\wheel\bdist_wheel.py", line 369, in run
self.run_command("build")
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\cmd.py", line 318, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 989, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 988, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build.py", line 131, in run
self.run_command(cmd_name)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\cmd.py", line 318, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 989, in run_command
super().run_command(command)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py", line 988, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\build_ext.py", line 88, in run
_build_ext.run(self)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 345, in run
self.build_extensions()
File "<string>", line 811, in build_extensions
__main__.RequiredDependencyException: zlib
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\User\PycharmProjects\Fitness_store\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
main()
File "C:\Users\User\PycharmProjects\Fitness_store\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
File "C:\Users\User\PycharmProjects\Fitness_store\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 251, in build_wheel
return _build_backend().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings,
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-effsyhwi\pillow_4d0dd3bf95644f85a6a8bded18a32784\_custom_build\backend.py", line 53, in build_wheel
return super().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 434, in build_wheel
return self._build_with_temp_dir(
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 419, in _build_with_temp_dir
self.run_setup()
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-effsyhwi\pillow_4d0dd3bf95644f85a6a8bded18a32784\_custom_build\backend.py", line 47, in run_setup
return super().run_setup(setup_script)
File "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-s3czzkka\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 341, in run_setup
exec(code, locals())
File "<string>", line 1005, in <module>
__main__.RequiredDependencyException:
The headers or library files could not be found for zlib,
a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
Please see the install instructions at:
https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for Pillow
Failed to build Pillow
ERROR: Could not build wheels for Pillow, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects**your text**
我尝试在我的venv中通过MSYS2安装zlib，然后安装willow，因为这就是错误所说的缺失，但我遇到了相同的错误消息，但没有成功。我的是64位系统。
你说你是64位系统，但是你安装了32位版本的Python吗？
从 Pillow 10 开始，不再提供预编译的 32 位轮子：
https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/10.0.0.html#bit-wheels
pip 因此尝试从源代码构建，并且您没有必要的依赖项。
选项：
pillow<10我在 raspi-2 上也遇到了类似的问题。由于它是 32 位，即使我恢复到某个版本也遇到了问题 <10. The following approach worked for me
sudo apt-get install libtiff5-dev libjpeg-dev libopenjp2-7-dev zlib1g-dev libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libwebp-dev tcl8.6-dev tk8.6-dev python3-tk libharfbuzz-dev li
bfribidi-dev libxcb1-dev
python3 -m pip install --upgrade Pillow --no-binary :all:
注意：构建需要一段时间