检索 Access 数据库中的索引列表

Question

我知道有一种方法可以通过查询 MsysObjects 来获取 Access 数据库中所有表的列表：

SELECT MSysObjects.Name FROM MsysObjects
WHERE
  Left$([Name],1)<>'~' AND
  Left$([Name],4)<>'Msys' AND
  MSysObjects.Type=1

有人知道类似（或其他）的方法来检索 MS-Access 数据库中所有索引的列表吗？

Answer 1

您可以检查

TableDef

对象来访问索引名称。

Public Sub ShowIndexNames()
    Dim tdf As TableDef
    Dim idx As Index
    Dim num_indexes As Long

On Error GoTo ErrorHandler

    For Each tdf In CurrentDb.TableDefs
        num_indexes = tdf.Indexes.Count
        If Left$(tdf.Name, 4) <> "MSys" Then
            If num_indexes > 0 Then
                For Each idx In tdf.Indexes
                    Debug.Print tdf.Name, idx.Name
                Next idx
            End If
         End If
    Next tdf

ExitHere:
    Exit Sub

ErrorHandler:
    Select Case Err.Number
    Case 3110
        'Could not read definitions; no read definitions '
        'permission for table or query '<Name>'. '
        Debug.Print "No read definitions permission for " _
            & tdf.Name
        num_indexes = 0
        Resume Next
    Case Else
        Debug.Print Err.Number & "-> " & Err.Description
        GoTo ExitHere
    End Select
End Sub

编辑：修改了子项以忽略 MSys*（访问系统）表。

您还可以使用 ADO 的

OpenSchema

方法来检索有关索引的信息。下面的代码列出了索引名称、关联的表以及索引是否为主键。我编写它是为了使用 ADO 的后期绑定，因为这不需要设置 Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects [版本] Library 的引用。

Const adSchemaIndexes As Long = 12
Dim cn As Object ' ADODB.Connection
Dim rs As Object ' ADODB.Recordset
Dim i As Long

Set cn = CurrentProject.Connection
Set rs = cn.OpenSchema(adSchemaIndexes)
With rs
    ' enable next three lines to view all the recordset column names
'    For i = 0 To (.Fields.Count - 1)
'        Debug.Print .Fields(i).Name
'    Next i
    Do While Not .EOF
       Debug.Print !TABLE_NAME, !INDEX_NAME, !PRIMARY_KEY
       .MoveNext
    Loop
    .Close
End With
Set rs = Nothing
Set cn = Nothing

如果您更喜欢检查单个表的索引而不是数据库中的每个表，请将表名称作为数组的第五个元素传递。

Set rs = cn.OpenSchema(adSchemaIndexes, Array(Empty, Empty, Empty, Empty, "tblFoo"))

Answer 2

如果您需要使用.Net OleDb 提供程序，您可以使用其他任何东西

DataTable indexes = 
(myOleDbConnection.GetOleDbSchemaTable(
System.Data.OleDb.OleDbSchemaGuid.Indexes,
new object[] { null, null, null, null, tableName});

（指定正确的连接和正确的表格）。

在索引 DataTable 中，索引和字段都在一起。

Answer 3

补充HansUp 的答案。

除了了解索引的名称之外，了解这些索引中引用了哪些字段几乎总是很重要的。例如，当将表从访问数据库导入到 SQL Server 2008 R2 时，它不会复制键和索引，因此我需要重新生成它们。到目前为止，该脚本无法正确处理外键约束，但应该生成主键以及标准索引。

Public Sub Generate_tSQLIndex()
    Dim tdf As TableDef
    Dim fld As DAO.Field
    Dim idx As Index
    Dim num_indexes As Long
    Dim indexdef_tsql As String
    Dim pk As Boolean
    On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
    For Each tdf In CurrentDb.TableDefs
        num_indexes = tdf.Indexes.Count
        If Left$(tdf.Name, 4) <> "MSys" Then
            If num_indexes > 0 Then
                For Each idx In tdf.Indexes
                    pk = idx.Primary
                    If pk Then indexdef_tsql = "ALTER TABLE [" + tdf.Name + "] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_" + tdf.Name + "_" + idx.Name + "] PRIMARY KEY " Else indexdef_tsql = "CREATE "
                    If idx.Unique And Not pk Then indexdef_tsql = indexdef_tsql + "UNIQUE "
                    If idx.Clustered Then indexdef_tsql = indexdef_tsql + "CLUSTERED " Else indexdef_tsql = indexdef_tsql + "NONCLUSTERED "
                    If Not pk Then indexdef_tsql = indexdef_tsql + "INDEX [" + idx.Name + "] ON [" + tdf.Name + "] "
                    indexdef_tsql = indexdef_tsql + "("
                    For Each fld In idx.Fields
                        indexdef_tsql = indexdef_tsql + "[" + fld.Name + "]"
                        If fld.Attributes = 1 Then indexdef_tsql = indexdef_tsql + " DESC, " Else indexdef_tsql = indexdef_tsql + " ASC, "
                    Next fld
                    If idx.Fields.Count > 0 Then indexdef_tsql = Left(indexdef_tsql, Len(indexdef_tsql) - 2)
                    indexdef_tsql = indexdef_tsql + ")"
                    Debug.Print indexdef_tsql
                Next idx
            End If
         End If
    Next tdf

ExitHere:
        Exit Sub

ErrorHandler:
    Select Case Err.Number
        Case 3110
        'Could not read definitions; no read definitions '
        'permission for table or query '<Name>'. '
        Debug.Print "No read definitions permission for " + tdf.Name
        num_indexes = 0
        Resume Next
    Case Else
        Debug.Print Err.Number & "-> " & Err.Description
        GoTo ExitHere
    End Select
    
End Sub

Answer 4

看来这可以通过以下任一方式完成：

SELECT
     szRelationship as [IndexName]
FROM MSysRelationships
ORDER BY szRelationship ASC

或者

SELECT
     Name as [IndexName]
FROM MSysObjects
WHERE Type = 8
ORDER BY Name ASC

注意： 类型 8 似乎是保留的，没有像其他类型一样列出（Tables_Local = 1；Tables_Linked_ODBC = 4；Tables_Linked = 6；Queries = 5；Forms = -32768；Reports = -32764；宏 = -32766；模块 = -32761)

参考：

• https://www.opengatesw.net/ms-access-tutorials/Access-Articles/Microsoft-Access-System-Tables.htm