TypeError：预期的字符串或类似字节的对象（Python 3）（Wordcloud）

Question

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import wordcloud
from wordcloud import WordCloud,STOPWORDS

# Read the whole text.
remarks = open(r'C:\Users\marmar\Remarks.txt').read().split()
#Create words over an image
mask = np.array(Image.open(r'C:\users\marmar\Documents\cloud.png'))

 #set the stopwords list
 stopwords= set(STOPWORDS)
 #append new words to the stopwords list
 new_words =open(r'C:\Users\marmar\Documents\comments.txt').read().split()
 new_stopwords=stopwords.union(new_words)
 #generate the word cloud with parameters
wc = 
   WordCloud(
         background_color="white", max_words=2000, 
         mask=mask,min_font_size =15, max_font_size=40, relative_scaling = 
         0.5, stopwords=new_stopwords,normalize_plurals= True)
wc.generate(remarks)
plt.figure(figsize=(25,25))
plt.imshow(wc, interpolation="bilinear")
plt.axis("off")

#Show the wordcloud
plt.show()

因此，如果我从备注文本文件中删除

.read()

.split()

，它实际上会起作用并返回词云。但是，我希望能够对单词进行标记，并且实际上使词云准确。 （它没有显示单词分开）。但是，每次我这样做时，都会收到此错误。

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-7-76f0df420fc2> in <module>()
 19 wc = WordCloud(background_color="white", max_words=2000, 
 mask=mask,min_font_size =15, max_font_size=40, relative_scaling = 0.5, 
 stopwords=new_stopwords,
 20                 normalize_plurals= True)
 ---> 21 wc.generate(remarks)
 22 plt.figure(figsize=(25,25))
 23 plt.imshow(wc, interpolation="bilinear")

 ~\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-
 packages\wordcloud\wordcloud.py in generate(self, text)
  563         self
 564         """
 --> 565         return self.generate_from_text(text)
 566 
 567     def _check_generated(self):

 ~\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-
packages\wordcloud\wordcloud.py in generate_from_text(self, text)
544         self
545         """
--> 546         words = self.process_text(text)
547         self.generate_from_frequencies(words)
548         return self

~\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\wordcloud\wordcloud.py 
in process_text(self, text)
511         regexp = self.regexp if self.regexp is not None else r"\w[\w']+"
512 
--> 513         words = re.findall(regexp, text, flags)
514         # remove stopwords
515         words = [word for word in words if word.lower() not in 
stopwords]

~\AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\lib\re.py in findall(pattern, string, 
flags)
220 
221     Empty matches are included in the result."""
--> 222     return _compile(pattern, flags).findall(string)
223 
224 def finditer(pattern, string, flags=0):

TypeError: expected string or bytes-like object

我试图做的实际上是从我的备注文本文件中删除所有标点符号，并将文本文件转换为 unicode。评论文本文件工作正常，不知道为什么我的备注文件不能。

谢谢！

Answer 1

str.split 的输出是

list

。回溯中的默认正则表达式 (`r"""\w[\w']+""") 表明 wordcloud 需要一串单词，因此在传递给 wordcloud 之前必须将列表重新构造为字符串。

这应该有效：

...

# Read the whole text into a list of strings.
# (Presuambly to remove end of line characters).
remarks = open(r'C:\Users\marmar\Remarks.txt').read().split()

# Convert the list back into a single string.
remarks = ' '.join(remarks)

...