使用Expect自动化xterm

Question

我试图使用xterm自动化Expect窗口（虽然我已经知道Expect无法控制这样的GUI应用程序，但有一个调整机制在Exploring Expect解释）

package require Expect 
spawn -pty
stty raw -echo < $spawn_out(slave,name)
regexp ".*(.)(.)" $spawn_out(slave,name) dummy c1 c2
if {[string compare $c1 "/"] == 0} {
    set c1 "0"
}
set xterm_pid [exec xterm -S$c1$c2$spawn_out(slave,fd) &]
close -slave
expect "\n" ;# match and discard X window id

set xterm $spawn_id 

spawn $env(SHELL)

Don Libes提到，从这一点开始，xterm可以自动完成，他已经举例说明如何使用xterm和interact命令，

interact -u $xterm "X" {
    send -i $xterm "Press return to go away: "
    set timeout -1
    expect -i $xterm "\r" {
        send -i $xterm "Thanks!\r\n"
        exec kill $xterm_pid
        exit
    }
}

但是，我的期望是发送和期望来自xterm的命令。我试过以下，

send -i $xterm "ls -l\r"; # Prints commands on xterm 
expect -i $xterm "\\\$" ; # Trying to match the prompt

但它没有锻炼。此示例主要依赖于xterm的命令行选项-Sccn。

-Sccn

此选项允许xterm用作现有程序的输入和输出通道，有时用于专门的应用程序。选项值指定要在从模式下使用的伪终端名称的最后几个字母，以及继承的文件描述符的编号。如果该选项包含“/”字符，则用于从文件描述符中分隔用于伪终端名称的字符。否则，从伪终端名称的选项中使用正好两个字符，余数是文件描述符。例子：

-S123/45
-Sab34 

请注意，xterm不会关闭它未打开供自己使用的任何文件描述符。有可能（尽管可能不是可移植的）有一个应用程序，它将打开的文件描述符传递到初始化后的xterm或者在xterm中运行的进程的-S选项。

我在哪里弄错了？

Answer 1

在这里，我从我使用的代码中查看了一个视图。它是从复杂的部分中提取的。

# create pty for xterm
set spawn(PTTY,PID) [spawn -noecho -pty]
set spawn(PTTY,DEVICE) $spawn_out(slave,name)
set spawn(PTTY) $spawn_id
stty raw -echo < $spawn(PTTY,DEVICE)
regexp ".*(.)(.)" $spawn_out(slave,name) dummy c1 c2
if {[string compare $c1 "/"] == 0} { set c1 0 }

# Start XTERM (using -into can place the xterm in a TK widget)
set pid(XTERM) [::exec xterm   -S$c1$c2$spawn_out(slave,fd) {*}$addidtionlXtermOptions  &]
close -slave

# Link
set spawn(SHELL,PID)    [spawn -noecho {*}$commandInXterm]
set spawn(SHELL)        $spawn_id
set spawn(SHELL,DEVICE) $spawn_out(slave,name)

# ...
# send a key or string into the xterm
exp_send -raw -i $spawn(SHELL) --  $key
exp_send -raw -i $spawn(SHELL) -- "$str\r

Answer 2

正如Mr.Thomas Dickey指出here，我开始探索multixterm，并最终能够创建一个独立版本，命令直接发送到xterm。

主要是我在我的代码中遗漏的部分是expect_background，它实际上在后台进行链接。希望它能帮助所有想要自动化xterm的人。托马斯·迪基先生和丹利比先生的所有学分！

#!/usr/bin/tclsh
package require Expect
set ::xtermStarted 0
set xtermCmd      $env(SHELL)
set xtermArgs     ""

# set up verbose mechanism early
set verbose 0
proc verbose {msg} {
    if {$::verbose} {
    if {[info level] > 1} {
        set proc [lindex [info level -1] 0]
    } else {
        set proc main
    }
        puts "$proc: $msg"
    }
}
# ::xtermSid is an array of xterm spawn ids indexed by process spawn ids.
# ::xtermPid is an array of xterm pids indexed by process spawn id.

######################################################################
# create an xterm and establish connections
######################################################################

proc xtermStart {cmd name} {
    verbose "starting new xterm running $cmd with name $name"
    ######################################################################
    # create pty for xterm
    ######################################################################
    set pid [spawn -noecho -pty]
    verbose "spawn -pty: pid = $pid, spawn_id = $spawn_id"
    set ::sidXterm $spawn_id
    stty raw -echo < $spawn_out(slave,name)
    regexp ".*(.)(.)" $spawn_out(slave,name) dummy c1 c2
    if {[string compare $c1 "/"] == 0} {
        set c1 0
    }
    ######################################################################
    # start new xterm
    ######################################################################
    set xtermpid [eval exec xterm -name dinesh -S$c1$c2$spawn_out(slave,fd) $::xtermArgs &]
    verbose "xterm: pid = $xtermpid"
    close -slave

    # xterm first sends back window id, save in environment so it can be
    # passed on to the new process
    log_user 0
    expect {
        eof {wait;return}
        -re (.*)\n {
            # convert hex to decimal
            # note quotes must be used here to avoid diagnostic from expr
            set ::env(WINDOWID) [expr "0x$expect_out(1,string)"]
        }
    }

    ######################################################################
    # start new process
    ######################################################################
    set pid [eval spawn -noecho $cmd]
    verbose "$cmd: pid = $pid, spawn_id = $spawn_id"
    set ::sidCmd $spawn_id

    ######################################################################
    # link everything back to spawn id of new process
    ######################################################################
   set ::xtermSid($::sidCmd) $::sidXterm
   set ::xtermPid($::sidCmd) $xtermpid

    ######################################################################
    # connect proc output to xterm output
    # connect xterm input to proc input
    ######################################################################
    expect_background {
        -i $::sidCmd
        -re ".+" {
            if {!$::xtermStarted} {set ::xtermStarted 1}
            sendTo $::sidXterm
        }
        eof [list xtermKill $::sidCmd]
        -i $::sidXterm
        -re ".+" {
            if {!$::xtermStarted} {set ::xtermStarted 1}
            sendTo $::sidCmd
        }
        eof [list xtermKill $::sidCmd]
    }
    vwait ::xtermStarted
}


######################################################################
# connect main window keystrokes to all xterms
######################################################################
proc xtermSend {A} {
    exp_send -raw -i $::sidCmd -- $A
}

proc sendTo {to} {
    exp_send -raw -i $to -- $::expect_out(buffer)
}


######################################################################
# clean up an individual process death or xterm death
######################################################################
proc xtermKill {s} {
    verbose "killing xterm $s"

    if {![info exists ::xtermPid($s)]} {
        verbose "too late, already dead"
        return
    }

    catch {exec /bin/kill -9 $::xtermPid($s)}
    unset ::xtermPid($s)

    # remove sid from activeList
    verbose "removing $s from active array"
    catch {unset ::activeArray($s)}

    verbose "removing from background handler $s"
    catch {expect_background -i $s}
    verbose "removing from background handler $::xtermSid($s)"
    catch {expect_background -i $::xtermSid($s)}
    verbose "closing proc"
    catch {close -i $s}
    verbose "closing xterm"
    catch {close -i $::xtermSid($s)}
    verbose "waiting on proc"
    wait -i $s
    wait -i $::xtermSid($s)
    verbose "done waiting"
    unset ::xtermSid($s)
    set ::forever NO
}

######################################################################
# create windows
######################################################################
# xtermKillAll is not intended to be user-callable.  It just kills
# the processes and that's it. A user-callable version would update
# the data structures, close the channels, etc.

proc xtermKillAll {} {
    foreach sid [array names ::xtermPid] {
        exec /bin/kill -9 $::xtermPid($sid)
    }
}

rename exit _exit
proc exit {{x 0}} {xtermKillAll;_exit $x}


xtermStart $xtermCmd $xtermCmd
xtermSend "ls -l\r"
xtermSend "pwd\r"
vwait ::forever