单词搜索游戏。如何搜索网格并突出显示结果？

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

我是编程新手，没有JavaScript经验，我有一个为我的学校做的任务。我需要创建一个单词搜索游戏，它有一个表单/按钮搜索，可以找到一个单词并在网格中突出显示它。我已经创建了HTML / CSS布局，但我坚持将其链接到JavaScript。我希望能够搜索“BANGKOK”，“LONDON”，“SINGAPORE”，“HAVANA”和“KYOTO”这两个词，但我只能搜索/突出显示网格的一个字母/单元格而且我不能我不知道如何从网格中的字母中创建一个字符串，这样我就可以找到这些字。我被困在这里真的想了解。有人可以帮助我/指导/向我解释它是如何工作的？我已经阅读了很多东西，但似乎无法找到我正在寻找的东西。我真的很感激。当找到它时，我还需要突出显示的单词以保持突出显示。

这是我到目前为止：https://jsfiddle.net/fwg8hequ/10/

function search() {
  var text = document.getElementById("query").value;
  var query = new RegExp("(\\b" + text + "\\b)", "gim");
  var e = document.getElementById("searchtext").innerHTML;
  var enew = e.replace(/(<span>|<\/span>)/igm, "");
  document.getElementById("searchtext").innerHTML = enew;
  var newe = enew.replace(query, "<span>$1</span>");
  document.getElementById("searchtext").innerHTML = newe;

}
@charset "UTF-8";

/* CSS Document */

@font-face {
  font-family: 'RobotoSlab';
  src: url('RobotoSlab-bold.ttf');
}

@font-face {
  font-family: 'RobotoMono';
  src: url('RobotoMono-Regular.ttf');
}

.container {
  position: relative;
  width: 1000px;
  height: 800px;
  background: #ffcc78;
}

.header {
  position: absolute;
  left: 24.7%;
  right: 26%;
  top: 5.25%;
  bottom: 86.75%;
  overflow: auto;
}

.header img {
  width: 58px;
  height: 58px;
  left: 247px;
  top: 46px;
  float: left;
}

.header h1 {
  left: 33.8%;
  right: 28.4%;
  width: 378px;
  height: 64px;
  font-family: RobotoSlab;
  font-style: normal;
  line-height: normal;
  font-size: 48px;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
  color: #E25C5C;
  line-height: 5.28%;
  float: right;
}

form {
  position: absolute;
  left: 24.7%;
  right: 26%;
  top: 18.75%;
  bottom: 75%;
}

input[type=text] {
  float: left;
  left: 24.7%;
  right: 35.8%;
  top: 18.75%;
  bottom: 75%;
  width: 410px;
  height: 50px;
  background: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid #417505;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-radius: 5px;
}

button {
  position: absolute;
  left: 66.5%;
  right: 27.3%;
  top: 18.75%;
  bottom: 75%;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #76AD0C 0%, #417505 100%);
  border-radius: 5px;
  font-family: RobotoSlab;
  font-style: normal;
  line-height: normal;
  font-size: 15px;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  float: right;
}

.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto auto auto auto auto auto auto auto auto;
  background-color: #E25C5C;
  position: absolute;
  left: 24.7%;
  right: 26%;
  top: 30.5%;
  bottom: 7.88%;
  padding: 2px;
  border-radius: 5px;
}

.grid-item {
  background-color: #ffcc78;
  border: 2px solid #E25C5C;
  left: 26.2%;
  right: 27.2%;
  font-family: RobotoMono;
  line-height: 36px;
  font-size: 36px;
  letter-spacing: 2.9px;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: normal;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2px;
}

#searchtext span {
  background-color: #F5A623;
}
<div class="container">

  <div class="header">
    <img src="icon.png" alt="Icon" height="58" width="58">

    <h1>WORD SEARCH</h1>

  </div>



  <form>
    <input name="query" id="query" type="text">
  </form>
  <button type="button" onClick="search();">SEARCH</button>



  <div class="grid-container" id="searchtext">

    <div class="grid-item">W</div>
    <div class="grid-item">S</div>
    <div class="grid-item">I</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">L</div>
    <div class="grid-item">C</div>
    <div class="grid-item">E</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">I</div>
    <div class="grid-item">V</div>

    <div class="grid-item">V</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">L</div>

    <div class="grid-item">B</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">N</div>
    <div class="grid-item">G</div>
    <div class="grid-item">K</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">K</div>


    <div class="grid-item">U</div>

    <div class="grid-item">T</div>
    <div class="grid-item">L</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">N</div>
    <div class="grid-item">D</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">N</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">I</div>


    <div class="grid-item">U</div>

    <div class="grid-item">S</div>
    <div class="grid-item">I</div>
    <div class="grid-item">N</div>
    <div class="grid-item">G</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">P</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">R</div>
    <div class="grid-item">E</div>


    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">L</div>
    <div class="grid-item">C</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">G</div>
    <div class="grid-item">E</div>
    <div class="grid-item">E</div>
    <div class="grid-item">U</div>
    <div class="grid-item">V</div>
    <div class="grid-item">R</div>

    <div class="grid-item">H</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">V</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">N</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">T</div>
    <div class="grid-item">L</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>

    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">B</div>
    <div class="grid-item">I</div>
    <div class="grid-item">S</div>
    <div class="grid-item">S</div>
    <div class="grid-item">N</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">R</div>
    <div class="grid-item">I</div>
    <div class="grid-item">S</div>

    <div class="grid-item">N</div>
    <div class="grid-item">K</div>
    <div class="grid-item">Y</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">T</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">H</div>
    <div class="grid-item">B</div>
    <div class="grid-item">E</div>

    <div class="grid-item">Z</div>
    <div class="grid-item">M</div>
    <div class="grid-item">P</div>
    <div class="grid-item">T</div>
    <div class="grid-item">R</div>
    <div class="grid-item">E</div>
    <div class="grid-item">S</div>
    <div class="grid-item">J</div>
    <div class="grid-item">R</div>
    <div class="grid-item">L</div>

    <div class="grid-item">F</div>
    <div class="grid-item">P</div>
    <div class="grid-item">E</div>
    <div class="grid-item">K</div>
    <div class="grid-item">T</div>
    <div class="grid-item">A</div>
    <div class="grid-item">M</div>
    <div class="grid-item">L</div>
    <div class="grid-item">O</div>
    <div class="grid-item">J</div>


  </div>






</div>
javascript frontend wordsearch
1个回答
3
投票

让我们尝试分解你的搜索功能：

 function search() {
    // get the searched text OK
    var text = document.getElementById("query").value;

    // make a regexp out of the searched text OK
    var query = new RegExp("(\\b" + text + "\\b)", "gim");

    // retrieve the html content of the grid items's container OK
    var e = document.getElementById("searchtext").innerHTML;

    // remove all the spans tags from this html content (span tags in #searchtext are red)
    var enew = e.replace(/(<span>|<\/span>)/igm, "");

    // set the html stripped from the span tags as the content of #searchtext
    document.getElementById("searchtext").innerHTML = enew;

    // in the html stripped from span, wrap with spans all contents matching the search string
    var newe = enew.replace(query, "<span>$1</span>");

    // set the final html as the content of #searchtext
    document.getElementById("searchtext").innerHTML = newe;

}

首先，您要提取HTML代码并尝试在此HTML代码中查找文本。但由于你保留了大部分标签（你只删除了跨度），你将无法仅在div的内容中找到文本（你的搜索将被div标签本身污染）。

我们可以用替换做复杂的事情，但必须有另一种方式。

现在让我们分解手头的问题：我们想编写一个函数，根据这个搜索文字游戏（horizo​​ntaly，verticaly diagonaly）的规则突出显示网格中搜索到的单词。

`function highlightSearchedWord() {....}`

没有内置的javascript函数可以做到这一点，所以我们必须分解问题。

function highlightSearchedWord() {
    var text = getSearchedWord();
    highlightText(text);
}

我们可以解决getSearchedWord：

function getSearchedWord() {
    var text = document.getElementById("query").value;
    return text;
}

现在在highlightText中我们需要找到一个单词，即能够读取给定网格中位置的字母，将它们与搜索到的文本进行比较，如果找到单词则保留位置列表并突出显示这些位置。

网格中的位置可以看作坐标x（字母列的索引）和y（字母行的索引）。

在javascript中我们可以用大括号{}定义结构化对象，例如位置0,0（网格第一行的第一个字母）将是{ x: 0, y: 0}

网格的第一个字母位于网格的第一个div（.grid-item）中。 Javascript为您提供了基于类名检索元素的方法。

`document.getElementsByClassName()`

Documentation of getElementsByClassName

因此，我们可以通过编写var items= document.getElementsByClassName('grid-item');列出所有网格元素

让我们定义函数getItems：

function getItems() {
    var items= document.getElementsByClassName('grid-item');
    return items;
}

从这里我们可以很容易地得到一个新的功能：

function getLetterAtPos(pos) {
    var items = getItems();
    // items is an array so we have to convert position {x, y} to index
    return items[posToIndex(pos)].innerHTML;
}

posToIndex是：

function posToIndex(pos) {
    // if the grid is 10x10 the first element of first row is index 0 (0 * 10 + 0)
    // !remember first indice is 0!
    // the first item of second row is index 10 (1 * 10 + 0)
    // the second item of the third row is index 21 (1 * 10 + 1)
    return pos.y * 10 + pos.x;
}

我在这里要更快地限制答案的大小，但评论应该有所帮助。

突出位置的方法也可能有所帮助：

首先定义一个执行突出显示的css类（从元素中添加或删除类比在span中包装/解包其内容更容易）：

CSS：

.highlight {
    background-color:#F5A623;
}

然后javascript帮助函数

JS：

function addClass(elem, className) {
    // HTMLElement.className is a string with one or several class names separated by a space
    var classNames =  elem.className.split(" ");
    // we search the array classNames with indexOf to check if the class needs to be added
    if (classNames.indexOf(className) == -1) {
        // the class name is not found in the existing class names of this element so we just concatenate className to t elem.className
        elem.className += " " + className;
    }
}

function removeClass(elem, className) {
    // same as above we split elem.className into an array of classNames
    var classNames = elem.className.split(" ");
    // we search for index of the className we want to remove
    // index === -1 means not found, otherwise the index is the position of className in classNames
    var index = classNames.indexOf(className);
    if (index !== -1) {
        // javascript's version of remove at, splice(index, 1) means remove one item at index
        classNames.splice(index, 1);
        // join(' ') re concatenate classNames into a string of space separated class names
        elem.className = classNames.join(' ');
    }
}

function highlightPos(pos) {
    var item = getItems()[posToIndex(pos)];
    addClass(item, 'highlight');
}

// to reset highlights between searches
function clearHighlights() {
    var items = getGridItems();
    for (var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
        removeClass(items[i], 'sel');
    }
}

参考文献：

split，indexOf和splice

现在要读取网格中的单词，我们必须至少找到搜索文本的第一个字母的位置，然后尝试匹配搜索文本的每个字母：

function findLetterPositions(letter) {
    // we define a new array to receive our results
    var positions = [];
    // there are 10 columns x 10 rows of items
    var itemCount = 10 * 10;
    for (let i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {
        var pos = indexToPos(i);
        // we compare letters lowercased
        if (getLetterAtPos(pos).toLowerCase() === letter.toLowerCase()) {
            // we have found letter at pos, so we add it to our array of positions (push)
            positions.push(pos);
        }
    }
    return positions;
}

将indexToPos定义为posToIndex的反向操作（获取索引，返回pos）：

function indexToPos(index) {
    var y = Math.floor(index / columnCount);
    var x = index - y * columnCount;
    return { x: x, y: y };
}

对于每个找到的位置，我们需要尝试匹配从该位置开始并沿指定方向搜索的文本的每个字母。例如在右边（给出第一个字母的初始位置）：

function tryAndMatchRight(text,initialPos) {

    var x = initialPos.x;
    var y = initialPos.y;
    var columnCount = 10;
    // we need to check that we are far enough from the edge of the grid for the whole word to fit, otherwise give up by returning
    if (x + text.length > columnCount) {
        return;
    }
    // word found == true by default, the for loop below will try to prove otherwise
    var wholeWordFound = true;
    // we will keep track of the letter positions we're trying
    var wordPositions = [];
    // obviously
    wordPositions.push(initialPos);
    // we will try each letter of text starting from the second (index 1) to the end of text (index length-1)
    for (var x2 = 1; x2 < text.length; x2++) {
        // building the position object for the current letter
        var pos = { x: x + x2, y: y};
        // if the comparaison fails we can stop
        if (text[x2].toLowerCase() !== getLetterAtPos(pos).toLowerCase()) {
            wholeWordFound = false;
            break;
        }
        wordPositions.push(pos);
    }
    if (wholeWordFound) {
        highLightPositions(wordPositions);
    }
}

function hightlightPositions(positions) {
    for(var i = 0; i < positions.length; i++) {
        highlightPos(positions[i]);
    }
}

总结一下单击搜索按钮时调用的功能可能是：

function search() {
    clearHighlights();
    var text = getSearchedText();
    var firstLetterPositions = findLetterPositions(text[0]);
    for (var i = 0; i < firstLetterPositions.length; i++) {
        var initialPos = firstLetterPositions[i];
        tryAndMatchRight(text,initialPos);
        // we only did it rightward, but other directions need their own functions
        // tryAndMatchDown(text,initialPos); 
        // tryAndMatchDownRight(text,initialPos);
        // tryAndMatchUpRight(text,initialPos);
    }
}

Fully working solution as a fiddle here

如果你真的想要理解编程，我希望你能理解这个答案，展示编程主要是如何将大问题分解成较小的问题，直到问题很容易通过语言本身给出的工具解决（和理解）。

无论如何，这对我来说很有趣！干杯

（PS：正如Evochrome在下面的评论中所述，两个辅助函数addClass和removeClass已经通过普通的js解决了这种方式element.classList.add("mystyle")和element.classList.remove("mystyle")）

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