我在两台不同的机器上有两个基于 Spring 的 Web 应用程序 A 和 B。
我想从 Web 应用程序 A 向 Web 应用程序 B 进行 HTTPS 调用，但是，我在机器 B 中使用自签名证书。因此我的 HTTPS 请求失败。
在 Spring 中使用 RestTemplate 时如何禁用 HTTPS 证书验证？我想禁用验证，因为 Web 应用程序 A 和 B 都位于内部网络内，但数据传输必须通过 HTTPS 进行
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate()
throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
TrustStrategy acceptingTrustStrategy = (X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) -> true;
SSLContext sslContext = org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts.custom()
.loadTrustMaterial(null, acceptingTrustStrategy)
.build();
SSLConnectionSocketFactory csf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setSSLSocketFactory(csf)
.build();
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory =
new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
requestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClient);
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(requestFactory);
return restTemplate;
}
您需要做的两件事基本上是使用信任所有证书的自定义 TrustStrategy ，并使用 NoopHostnameVerifier() 禁用主机名验证。这是代码，包含所有相关的导入：
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
TrustStrategy acceptingTrustStrategy = (x509Certificates, s) -> true;
SSLContext sslContext = org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(null, acceptingTrustStrategy).build();
SSLConnectionSocketFactory csf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new NoopHostnameVerifier());
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(csf).build();
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
requestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClient);
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(requestFactory);
return restTemplate;
}
您需要添加的是自定义的
HostnameVerifierHttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
return true;
}
});
这需要适当地放置在您的代码中。
另一种方法可以非常简单地完成该技巧，无需导入任何 APACHE 或任何未知的包。
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
private void ignoreCertificates() {
TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[] { new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) {
}
} };
try {
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, new SecureRandom());
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
} catch (Exception e) {
}
并在 RestTemplate 之前设置ignoreCertificates()：
ignoreCertificates();
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
我找到了一个简单的方法
TrustStrategy acceptingTrustStrategy = (X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) -> true;
SSLContext sslContext = org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(null, acceptingTrustStrategy).build();
SSLConnectionSocketFactory csf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(csf).build();
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
requestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClient);
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(requestFactory);
进口二手
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
用 cookie 添加我的回复：
public static void main(String[] args) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> params = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
params.add("username", testUser);
params.add("password", testPass);
NullHostnameVerifier verifier = new NullHostnameVerifier();
MySimpleClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new MySimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(verifier , rememberMeCookie);
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(appUrl + "/login", params, String.class);
HttpHeaders headers = response.getHeaders();
String cookieResponse = headers.getFirst("Set-Cookie");
String[] cookieParts = cookieResponse.split(";");
rememberMeCookie = cookieParts[0];
cookie.setCookie(rememberMeCookie);
requestFactory = new MySimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(verifier,cookie.getCookie());
restTemplate.setRequestFactory(requestFactory);
}
public class MySimpleClientHttpRequestFactory extends SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory {
private final HostnameVerifier verifier;
private final String cookie;
public MySimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(HostnameVerifier verifier ,String cookie) {
this.verifier = verifier;
this.cookie = cookie;
}
@Override
protected void prepareConnection(HttpURLConnection connection, String httpMethod) throws IOException {
if (connection instanceof HttpsURLConnection) {
((HttpsURLConnection) connection).setHostnameVerifier(verifier);
((HttpsURLConnection) connection).setSSLSocketFactory(trustSelfSignedSSL().getSocketFactory());
((HttpsURLConnection) connection).setAllowUserInteraction(true);
String rememberMeCookie = cookie == null ? "" : cookie;
((HttpsURLConnection) connection).setRequestProperty("Cookie", rememberMeCookie);
}
super.prepareConnection(connection, httpMethod);
}
public SSLContext trustSelfSignedSSL() {
try {
SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] xcs, String string) throws CertificateException {
}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] xcs, String string) throws CertificateException {
}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
SSLContext.setDefault(ctx);
return ctx;
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
public class NullHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier {
public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
return true;
}
}
您可以将其与 HTTPClient API 一起使用。
public RestTemplate getRestTemplateBypassingHostNameVerifcation() {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLHostnameVerifier(new NoopHostnameVerifier()).build();
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
requestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClient);
return new RestTemplate(requestFactory);
}
禁用 SSL 主机名验证器的完整代码，
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
//to disable ssl hostname verifier
restTemplate.setRequestFactory(new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {
@Override
protected void prepareConnection(HttpURLConnection connection, String httpMethod) throws IOException {
if (connection instanceof HttpsURLConnection) {
((HttpsURLConnection) connection).setHostnameVerifier(new NoopHostnameVerifier());
}
super.prepareConnection(connection, httpMethod);
}
});
要推翻默认策略，您可以在连接restTemplate的类中创建一个简单的方法：
protected void acceptEveryCertificate() throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
TrustStrategy acceptingTrustStrategy = new TrustStrategy() {
@Override
public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
return true;
}
};
restTemplate.setRequestFactory(new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(
HttpClientBuilder
.create()
.setSSLContext(SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(null, acceptingTrustStrategy).build())
.build()));
}
注意：您当然需要处理异常，因为此方法只会进一步抛出异常！
此问题与 SSL 连接有关。当您尝试连接到某些资源时，https 协议需要创建安全连接。这意味着只有您的浏览器和网站服务器知道请求正文中发送的数据是什么。这种安全性是通过存储在网站上的 ssl 证书来实现的，并且由您的浏览器（或任何其他客户端，在我们的例子中是带有 Apache Http 客户端的 Spring RestTemplate）在首次连接到主机时下载。还有 RSA256 加密和许多其他很酷的东西。但最终：如果证书未注册或无效，您将看到证书错误（HTTPS 连接不安全）。要修复证书错误，网站提供商需要为特定网站购买证书或以某种方式修复，例如https://www.register.com/ssl-certificates
解决问题的正确方法
这不是解决问题的正确方法
将SSL证书导入到Java cacerts（证书存储）
keytool -importcert -trustcacerts -noprompt -storepass changeit -别名 -keystore "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.2\lib\securit