如何从r中的csv文件中清除奇怪的符号

Question

我有一个csv文件，其中包含许多奇怪的符号。示例如下：

df = data.frame(comments = c('Korea¬Ãs Ministry of Food and Drug Safety is proposing an amendment seeking to amend the Standards and Specification','it is important to highlight:\n• Many maximum limits for drug',
                            'The European Parliament has published a decision, which aims to establish a special Committee to examine the EU¬Ãs authorization procedure'))
write.csv(df, './example.csv', row.names = FALSE)

有谁知道我该如何清除R（或python）中那些怪异的符号。我不知道为什么会发生这种情况以及如何清理它们。非常感谢。

Answer 1

假设“怪异”是不是“正常”字母，数字，点或逗号的所有内容：

gsub("[^A-z0-9\\. ,]", "", df$comment)
[1] "Koreas Ministry of Food and Drug Safety is proposing an amendment seeking to amend the Standards and Specification"                     
[2] "it is important to highlight Many maximum limits for drug"                                                                               
[3] "The European Parliament has published a decision, which aims to establish a special Committee to examine the EUs authorization procedure"