我的 C++ 程序中的哪些内容可能会触发我的诺顿防病毒软件？还在努力调试和修复异常，也许与内存有关？

Question

我正在学习 C++ 课程，但我对编程并不是完全陌生，因为我了解很多 Java 和一些 Python。这是我以前从未见过的：我有一个程序，该程序应该清点方舟上的动物，并将它们按 1 个月老化，并模拟方舟上的人口增长。我通过调试器发现它工作正常，直到第二个鱼对象通过ageOneMonth方法，然后我得到一个异常

“noahsArkApp.exe 中的 0x00007FF779B38CBB 抛出异常：0xC0000005：读取位置 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 时发生访问冲突。”

程序退出（进程20984），退出代码为-1073741819。

更奇怪的是，每次发生这种情况时，我的诺顿防病毒软件都会显示弹出窗口“潜在威胁已阻止”，详细信息中描述的操作是“可疑进程试图修改受 Data Protector 保护的文件的安全性”。这里可能发生了什么？我该如何修复这个异常？我需要禁用诺顿吗？

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <memory> // for smart pointers? Googled for a fix to memory issue but still having problems :(
#include <cstdlib> // for srand() and rand() functions
#include <ctime>   // for time() function

using namespace std;

// enum classes to limit options for type and gender
enum class Type { MAMMAL, BIRD, FISH };
enum class Gender { FEMALE, MALE };

class Animal {
protected:
    Type type;
    string species;
    Gender gender;
    int ageInMonths;

public:
    Type getType() { return type; }
    string getName() { return species; }
    Gender getGender() { return gender; }
    int getAgeInMonths() { return ageInMonths; }

    Animal(Type _type, string _name, Gender _gender, int _ageInMonths) : type(_type), species(_name), gender(_gender), ageInMonths(_ageInMonths) {};

    virtual void ageOneMonth() {
        ageInMonths++;
    }

    virtual void giveBirth(vector<unique_ptr<Animal>>& animals) {
        // Default implementation does nothing
    }

    virtual void identifyAnimal() const {
        string genderStr = (gender == Gender::MALE) ? "male" : "female";
        cout << "I am a " << genderStr << " " << species << ", " << ageInMonths << " months old." << endl;
    }
};

class Mammal : public Animal {
public:
    Mammal(Type _type, string _name, Gender _gender, int _ageInMonths) : Animal(Type::MAMMAL, _name, _gender, _ageInMonths) {}
    virtual void giveBirth(vector<unique_ptr<Animal>>& animals) override {
        if (gender == Gender::FEMALE && ageInMonths % 12 == 0) {
            Gender newbornGender = (rand() % 2 == 0) ? Gender::MALE : Gender::FEMALE;
            animals.push_back(make_unique<Mammal>(getType(), getName(), newbornGender, 0));
        }
    }
};

class Bird : public Animal {
public:
    Bird(Type _type, string _name, Gender _gender, int _ageInMonths) : Animal(Type::BIRD, _name, _gender, _ageInMonths) {}
    virtual void giveBirth(vector<unique_ptr<Animal>>& animals) override {
        if (gender == Gender::FEMALE && ageInMonths % 9 == 0) {
            Gender newbornGender = (rand() % 2 == 0) ? Gender::MALE : Gender::FEMALE;
            animals.push_back(make_unique<Bird>(getType(), getName(), newbornGender, 0));
        }
    }
};

class Fish : public Animal {
public:
    Fish(Type _type, string _name, Gender _gender, int _ageInMonths) : Animal(Type::FISH, _name, _gender, _ageInMonths) {}
    virtual void giveBirth(vector<unique_ptr<Animal>>& animals) override {
        if (gender == Gender::FEMALE && ageInMonths % 6 == 0) {
            Gender newbornGender = (rand() % 2 == 0) ? Gender::MALE : Gender::FEMALE;
            animals.push_back(make_unique<Fish>(getType(), getName(), newbornGender, 0));
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    srand((unsigned int)time(0));
    vector<unique_ptr<Animal>> animals;

    // Add initial animals to the ark
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Mammal>(Type::MAMMAL, "Cat", Gender::FEMALE, 11));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Mammal>(Type::MAMMAL, "Cat", Gender::MALE, 10));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Mammal>(Type::MAMMAL, "Dog", Gender::FEMALE, 12));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Mammal>(Type::MAMMAL, "Cat", Gender::MALE, 9));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Fish>(Type::FISH, "Goldfish", Gender::FEMALE, 5));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Fish>(Type::FISH, "Goldfish", Gender::MALE, 5));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Fish>(Type::FISH, "Shark", Gender::FEMALE, 6));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Fish>(Type::FISH, "Shark", Gender::MALE, 6));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Bird>(Type::BIRD, "Eagle", Gender::FEMALE, 8));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Bird>(Type::BIRD, "Eagle", Gender::MALE, 11));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Bird>(Type::BIRD, "Parakeet", Gender::FEMALE, 17));
    animals.push_back(make_unique<Bird>(Type::BIRD, "Parakeet", Gender::MALE, 13));

    int months = 0;
    while (true) {
        cout << "\nYou have been on the ark for " << months << " months. What would you like to do?" << endl;
        cout << "1 - Let another month pass" << endl;
        cout << "2 - Check inventory" << endl;
        cout << "3 - Quit" << endl;

        int choice;
        cin >> choice;

        if (choice == 1) {
            months++;

            // Age all animals by one month and let them give birth
            for (auto& animal : animals) {
                animal->ageOneMonth();
                animal->giveBirth(animals);
            }
        }
        else if (choice == 2) {
            // Display inventory
            cout << "\nInventory:" << endl;
            int count = 1;
            for (const auto& animal : animals) {
                cout << "Animal #" << count++ << ": ";
                animal->identifyAnimal();
            }
        }
        else if (choice == 3) {
            // Clean up memory
            animals.clear();
            break;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

Answer 1

我不知道诺顿在做什么，但就你的程序崩溃的原因而言，我相信这是因为你的

giveBirth()

函数正在修改

animals

向量，而

main()

中的 for 循环正在迭代在向量上，这是一个禁忌，因为它会使迭代器对象无效。

为了测试我的理论，我用以下代码替换了

choice==1

代码：

        months++;

        // Age all animals by one month and let them give birth
        vector<unique_ptr<Animal>> temp;
        for (auto& animal : animals) {
            animal->ageOneMonth();
            animal->giveBirth(temp);
        }

        // Now that we are done iterating over animals
        // we can go ahead and add the new infants to the vector
        for (auto& animal : temp) {
            animals.push_back(std::move(animal));
        }

....有了这个改变，我就不能再让程序崩溃了。