谁能解释这里的网格布局是怎么回事？ （Python Tkinter）

Question

我一直在尝试编写适合健身的程序进行练习，而我才刚刚开始学习Tkinter和Python。我目前正在努力的是按需放置框架和小部件，并使程序在单个窗口中运行（不创建新的Tk（）对象）。这是代码：

from tkinter import *

SelectionSwitch = False
root = Tk()
root.minsize(width=800, height=600)
root.maxsize(width=800, height=600)

xrcslist = ['Pushup', 'Pullup', 'Boxjump', 'Squat', 'Wristcurl', 'Bicepcurl', 'Crunch', 'Lunge', 'Plank']
xrcslist.sort()

BasicFont = 'Calibri Bold'

TextStart = Label(root, height=3, text='Welcome', bg='#F2D7D2', fg='black', borderwidth=4, relief='groove', width=100)

ButtonStart = Button(root, width=25, height=4, text='Exercises', bg='#C70039', command=lambda: pressed())

frameSelection = Frame(root, bg='#DFF5DC', width=800, height=600) # frame on which all of the contents of Second Screen are placed

frameSpace1 = Frame(frameSelection, height=30, width=5, bg='blue') # intentionally made in blue color to see it(this is an empty frame simply to make a gap between the Label and Listbox)

frameSpace2 = Frame(frameSelection, height=280, width=5, bg='yellow') #intentionally made in yellow color to see it, but it seems like it's hidden behind the Listbox(this frame is supposed to separate two Listboxes, but it's not behaving as expected so I didn't add the second one yet)

frameSpace3 = Frame(frameSelection, height=30, width=5, bg='red') # intentionally made in red color to see it(another empty frame to separate listboxes from the button in the lower left corner)

ButtonBackSelection = Button(frameSelection, text='Back', width=15, height=4, command=lambda: main.YetAgain())

frameSelectionLists = Frame(frameSelection)

TextSelection = Label(frameSelection, width=100, height=3, text='Select exercises', bg='#F2D7D2', borderwidth=4, relief='groove')

lstbx1 = Listbox(frameSelection, width=17, height=8)
for i in xrcslist:
    lstbx1.insert(END, i)

scroll = Scrollbar(root, command=lstbx1.yview) # binding the scrollbar to the listbox

#configs
TextSelection.config(font=(BasicFont,11))
TextStart.config(font=(BasicFont, 11))

ButtonBackSelection.config(font=(BasicFont, 11))
ButtonStart.config(font=(BasicFont, 11))
lstbx1.config(yscrollcommand=scroll.set) 



class main(Frame):
    def __init__(self):
        MainScreen()

    def YetAgain():
        global SelectionSwitch
        if SelectionSwitch == True: # this 'if' section checks if a window other than the first one is currently displayed
            frameSelection.grid_forget()
            SelectionSwitch = False
            MainScreen()
        else:
            MainScreen()


class Exercise(object):
    def __init__(self, type, musclegroup, calpersec, equipment):
        self.type = type
        self.musclegroup = musclegroup
        self.calpersec = calpersec
        self.equipment = equipment


def pressed(): # replaces the current window with the selection window when ButtonStart is pressed
    global SelectionSwitch
    SelectionSwitch = True
    TextStart.grid_forget()
    ButtonStart.grid_forget()
    frameSelection.grid()
    TextSelection.grid()
    frameSpace1.grid()
    lstbx1.grid(row=2,column=0)
    scroll.grid()
    scroll.place(in_=lstbx1, relx=1.0, relheight=1.0, bordermode="outside")
    frameSpace2.grid(row=2, column=1)
    frameSpace3.grid(row=3)
    ButtonBackSelection.grid(row=4)
    ButtonBackSelection.place(relx=0, rely=1, anchor=SW)


def MainScreen(): # window that is showed on launch
    TextStart.grid(row=0)
    ButtonStart.grid(row=1)
    ButtonStart.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor=CENTER)
    root.mainloop()



#list of exercises
Pushup = Exercise('hypertrophy', ['chest', 'triceps'], None, None)

Pullup = Exercise('hypertrophy', ['upper back','biceps'], None, 'pullup bar')

Boxjump = Exercise('hypertrophy', ['quads', 'glutes', 'hamstrings'], 0.16, 'box or an elevation')

Squat =  Exercise('hypertrophy', ['quads', 'glutes'], 0.15, None)

Wristcurl = Exercise('hypertrophy', ['forearms'], None, 'dumbbell or barbell')

Bicepcurl = Exercise('hypertrophy', ['biceps','brachialis','forearms'], None, 'dumbbell or barbell')

Crunch = Exercise('hypertrophy', ['abdominals', 'obliques'], 0.09, None)

Lunge = Exercise('hypertrophy',['quadriceps', 'glutes', 'hamstrings'], 0.1, None)

Plank = Exercise('hypertrophy', ['abdominals', 'lower back'], 0.05, None)


main()

以下是程序启动时发生的情况：Main Screen

这部分工作正常，我打算以后再添加一些内容。

但是，当按下ButtonStart时，发生了一些奇怪的事情：Second Screen

我有几个问题：

• 为什么frameSelection的尺寸不是根的大小，即使其尺寸指定为800x600，与根相同？；
• 为什么小部件在第二个屏幕上完全混乱了，即使我在需要的地方分配了行和列（对于TextSelection和frameSpace1来说也没有关系，因为我想让它们始终排在第一和第二位吗？]] >
• 将启动时显示的小部件放置在框架上而不是直接放置在根目录下会更好吗？我已经尝试过这样做，并且位置非常混乱，对row，column，rowconfigure和columnconfigure都没有响应，就像第二个屏幕一样。

编辑：修复了第二张图片的链接

我一直在尝试编写适合健身的程序进行练习，而我才刚刚开始学习Tkinter和Python。我目前正在努力的是根据需要放置框架和小部件...

Answer 1

主要问题是grid和pack命令旨在使包含的小部件在其子级周围增大或缩小。这称为几何传播