您是从按钮而不是输入中选择值。你只需要改变这一行:
<label for="moveData">Enter data</label>
<input type="text" id="moveData" name="moveData"><br>
<button id="btn" type="button">Move the data</button>
<script>
document.getElementById("btn").onclick = function() {
var input = document.getElementById("moveData").value; // <-- this line
document.getElementById("p1").innerHTML = input;
}
</script>
<p id="p1"></p>