我学习Python已有近6周的时间，下面是我的第一个程序。
我想得到的是用户输入的患者编号，碳水化合物，蛋白质和脂肪需求量。
使用下面的代码，我得到了想要的输出。但是，我觉得这根本不是DRY。我要重复很多事情。
我想修改此代码，以使用户可以输入任意数量的患者。当前，我指定Patient_no1和Patient_no2。我将修改for循环并使用for循环编码此问题。如果您能给我一些有关如何重构当前代码的指导，将不胜感激。谢谢！
def diet_log():
################################ Patient 1 ##########################################
# Request User input for patient numbers, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error for patient numbers
while True:
try:
patient_no1 = int(input("Enter a patient number to determine the dietary requirements : "))
assert(patient_no1 > 0), "The patient number entered must be a positive integer."
break
except:
print("The patient number you enter must be a positive integer. Please try again.")
# Request User input for protein, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error
while True:
try:
diet_protein1 = float(input("Amount of protein required: "))
assert(diet_protein1 > 0)
break
except:
print("The protein amount must be a non-negative integer.")
# Request User input for carbohydrates, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error
while True:
try:
diet_carb1 = float(input("Amount of carbohydrates required: "))
assert(diet_carb1 > 0)
break
except:
print("The amount of carbohydrates required must be a non-negative integer.")
# Request User input for fat, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error
while True:
try:
diet_fat1 = float(input("Amount of fat required: "))
assert(diet_fat1 > 0)
break
except:
print("The fat amount must be a non-negative integer.")
print("-----------------------------------------------------")
########################## end of Patient 1 ##############################################################
################################ Patient 2 ##########################################
# Request User input for patient numbers, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error for patient numbers
while True:
try:
patient_no2 = int(input("Enter a patient number to determine the dietary requirements : "))
assert(patient_no2 > 0), "The patient number entered must be a positive integer."
break
except:
print("The patient number you enter must be a positive integer. Please try again.")
# Request User input for protein, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error
while True:
try:
diet_protein2 = float(input("Amount of protein required: "))
assert(diet_protein2 > 0)
break
except:
print("The protein amount must be a non-negative integer.")
# Request User input for carbohydrates, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error
while True:
try:
diet_carb2 = float(input("Amount of carbohydrates required: "))
assert(diet_carb2 > 0)
break
except:
print("The amount of carbohydrates required must be a non-negative integer.")
# Request User input for fat, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error
while True:
try:
diet_fat2 = float(input("Amount of fat required: "))
assert(diet_fat2 > 0)
break
except:
print("The fat amount must be a non-negative integer.")
########################## end of Patient 2 ##############################################################
# Create list of protein, carb and fat for patients
total_patient_num = [patient_no1, patient_no2]
diet_protein = [diet_protein1, diet_protein2]
diet_carb = [diet_carb1, diet_carb2]
diet_fat = [diet_fat1, diet_fat2]
# Calculate average for the lists created above by using statistics
import statistics
average_protein = statistics.mean(diet_protein)
average_carb = statistics.mean(diet_carb)
average_fat = statistics.mean(diet_fat)
# Calculate average kilojoules
kilojoules = 4.18 * ( (4 * average_protein) + (4* average_carb) + (9.30 * average_fat))
# Display the output to the users
print("===================================================")
print("Total number of patients entered: ", len(total_patient_num))
print("Patient %d" % patient_no1)
print("\n"," Amount of protein (g) required: ", diet_protein1, "\n"," Amount of carbohydrates (g) required: ",diet_carb1 ,"\n"," Amount of fat required: ", diet_fat1)
print("Patient %d" % patient_no2)
print("\n"," Amount of protein (g) required: ", diet_protein2, "\n"," Amount of carbohydrates (g) required: ",diet_carb2 ,"\n"," Amount of fat required: ", diet_fat2)
print("-----------------------------------------------------")
print("Averages: ", "\n",
"Protein (g): ", format(average_protein, ",.2f"), "\n",
"Carbohydrates (g): ", format(average_carb, ",.2f"), "\n",
"Fat (g): ", format(average_fat, ".2f"), "\n",
"Kilojoules (kJ): ", format(kilojoules, ",.2f"), "\n")
if __name__ == "__main__": diet_log()
# print(diet_log("patient no"))
首先，寻找看起来非常相似的代码。例如，您围绕输入语句执行的while循环看起来很相似。尝试将这些参数转换为带有使它们与众不同的零件的参数的函数。
您可以首先以通用方式定义列表：
total_patient_num = []
diet_protein = []
diet_carb = []
diet_fat = []
当前，如果要添加n个用户，则必须重复相同的代码n次。当您看到这样的模式时，它暗示您应该对代码进行抽象。要解决此问题，您可以简单地将代码放入这样的函数中：
def get_user_input():
while True:
try:
patient_no_value = int(input("Enter a patient number to determine the dietary requirements : "))
assert(patient_no_value > 0), "The patient number entered must be a positive integer."
total_patient_num.append(patient_no_value)
break
except:
print("The patient number you enter must be a positive integer. Please try again.")
# Request User input for protein, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error
while True:
try:
diet_protein_value = float(input("Amount of protein required: "))
assert(diet_protein_value > 0)
diet_protein.append(diet_protein_value)
break
except:
print("The protein amount must be a non-negative integer.")
# Request User input for carbohydrates, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error
while True:
try:
diet_carb_value = float(input("Amount of carbohydrates required: "))
assert(diet_carb_value > 0)
diet_carb.apend(diet_carb_value )
break
except:
print("The amount of carbohydrates required must be a non-negative integer.")
# Request User input for fat, Handle non-positive integers and other invalid user input error
while True:
try:
diet_fat_value = float(input("Amount of fat required: "))
assert(diet_fat_value > 0)
diet_fat.append(diet_fat_value)
break
except:
print("The fat amount must be a non-negative integer.")
print("-----------------------------------------------------")
每次调用该方法时，它将在每个列表中创建一个新条目。
您还可以考虑使用类来代表您的用户。