在JavaScript中从base64字符串创建Blob

问题描述 投票：352回答：11

我在字符串中有base64编码的二进制数据。

const contentType = 'image/png';
const b64Data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';

我想创建一个包含此数据的blob: URL并将其显示给用户。

const blob = new Blob(????, {type: contentType});
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);

window.location = blobUrl;

我还没弄清楚如何创建Blob。

在某些情况下，我可以通过使用data: URL来避免这种情况。

const dataUrl = `data:${contentType};base64,${b64Data}`;

window.location = dataUrl;

但是在大多数情况下，data: URL非常大。

如何在JavaScript中将base64字符串解码为Blob对象？

javascript base64
11个回答
673
投票

atob函数将base64编码的字符串解码为一个新字符串，其中包含二进制数据的每个字节的字符。

const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);

每个字符的代码点（charCode）都是字节的值。我们可以通过对字符串中的每个字符使用.charCodeAt方法应用它来创建一个字节值数组。

const byteNumbers = new Array(byteCharacters.length);
for (let i = 0; i < byteCharacters.length; i++) {
    byteNumbers[i] = byteCharacters.charCodeAt(i);
}

您可以将此字节值数组转换为实际类型的字节数组，方法是将其传递给Uint8Array构造函数。

const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);

通过将其包装在数组中并将其传递给Blob构造函数，可以将其转换为Blob。

const blob = new Blob([byteArray], {type: contentType});

上面的代码有效。然而，通过在较小的切片中处理byteCharacters而不是一次性处理，可以稍微改善性能。在我的粗略测试中，512字节似乎是一个很好的切片大小。这给了我们以下功能。

const b64toBlob = (b64Data, contentType='', sliceSize=512) => {
  const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);
  const byteArrays = [];

  for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
    const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);

    const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);
    for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
      byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
    }

    const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);
    byteArrays.push(byteArray);
  }

  const blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType});
  return blob;
}

const blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType);
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);

window.location = blobUrl;

Full Example:

const b64toBlob = (b64Data, contentType='', sliceSize=512) => {
  const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);
  const byteArrays = [];

  for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
    const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);

    const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);
    for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
      byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
    }

    const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);
    byteArrays.push(byteArray);
  }
    
  const blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType});
  return blob;
}

const contentType = 'image/png';
const b64Data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';

const blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType);
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);

const img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = blobUrl;
document.body.appendChild(img);
1
投票

以下是我的Typescript代码，可以轻松转换为javascript，你可以使用

/**
 * CONVERT BASE64 TO BLOB
 * @param Base64Image Pass base64 image data to convert into the blob
 */
private convertBase64ToBlob(Base64Image: any) {
    // SPLIT INTO TWO PARTS
    const parts = Base64Image.split(';base64,');
    // HOLD THE CONTENT TYPE
    const imageType = parts[0].split(':')[1];
    // DECODE BASE64 STRING
    const decodedData = window.atob(parts[1]);
    // CREATE UNIT8ARRAY OF SIZE SAME AS ROW DATA LENGTH
    const uInt8Array = new Uint8Array(decodedData.length);
    // INSERT ALL CHARACTER CODE INTO UINT8ARRAY
    for (let i = 0; i < decodedData.length; ++i) {
        uInt8Array[i] = decodedData.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    // RETURN BLOB IMAGE AFTER CONVERSION
    return new Blob([uInt8Array], { type: imageType });
}
0
投票

使用fetch的方法是最好的解决方案，但是如果有人需要没有fetch的方法那么就在这里，因为上面提到的那些对我来说不起作用

function makeblob(dataURL) {
const BASE64_MARKER = ';base64,';
const parts = dataURL.split(BASE64_MARKER);
const contentType = parts[0].split(':')[1];
const raw = window.atob(parts[1]);
const rawLength = raw.length;
const uInt8Array = new Uint8Array(rawLength);

for (let i = 0; i < rawLength; ++i) {
    uInt8Array[i] = raw.charCodeAt(i);
}

return new Blob([uInt8Array], { type: contentType });
}
182
投票

这是一个没有任何依赖项或库的更小的方法。 它需要新的fetch API。 （Can I use it?）

var url = "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="

fetch(url)
.then(res => res.blob())
.then(blob => console.log(blob))

使用此方法，您还可以轻松获取ArrayBuffer，text和JSON。

作为异步功能：

const b64toBlob = async (b64Data, contentType='application/octet-stream') => {
  const url = `data:${contentType};base64,${b64Data}`;
  const response = await fetch(url);
  const blob = await response.blob();
  return blob;
};

我对Jeremy的ES6同步版进行了简单的性能测试。 同步版本将阻止UI一段时间。保持devtool打开会降低获取性能

document.body.innerHTML += '<input autofocus placeholder="try writing">'
// get some dummy gradient image
var img=function(){var a=document.createElement("canvas"),b=a.getContext("2d"),c=b.createLinearGradient(0,0,1500,1500);a.width=a.height=3000;c.addColorStop(0,"red");c.addColorStop(1,"blue");b.fillStyle=c;b.fillRect(0,0,a.width,a.height);return a.toDataURL()}();


async function perf() {
  
  const blob = await fetch(img).then(res => res.blob())
  // turn it to a dataURI
  const url = img
  const b64Data = url.split(',')[1]

  // Jeremy Banks solution
  const b64toBlob = (b64Data, contentType = '', sliceSize=512) => {
    const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);
    const byteArrays = [];
    
    for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
      const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);
      
      const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);
      for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
        byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
      }
      
      const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);
      
      byteArrays.push(byteArray);
    }
    
    const blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType});
    return blob;
  }

  // bench blocking method
  let i = 1000
  console.time('b64')
  while (i--) {
    await b64toBlob(b64Data)
  }
  console.timeEnd('b64')
  
  // bench non blocking
  i = 1000

  // so that the function is not reconstructed each time
  const toBlob = res => res.blob()
  console.time('fetch')
  while (i--) {
    await fetch(url).then(toBlob)
  }
  console.timeEnd('fetch')
  console.log('done')
}

perf()
60
投票

优化（但不太可读）的实现：

function base64toBlob(base64Data, contentType) {
    contentType = contentType || '';
    var sliceSize = 1024;
    var byteCharacters = atob(base64Data);
    var bytesLength = byteCharacters.length;
    var slicesCount = Math.ceil(bytesLength / sliceSize);
    var byteArrays = new Array(slicesCount);

    for (var sliceIndex = 0; sliceIndex < slicesCount; ++sliceIndex) {
        var begin = sliceIndex * sliceSize;
        var end = Math.min(begin + sliceSize, bytesLength);

        var bytes = new Array(end - begin);
        for (var offset = begin, i = 0; offset < end; ++i, ++offset) {
            bytes[i] = byteCharacters[offset].charCodeAt(0);
        }
        byteArrays[sliceIndex] = new Uint8Array(bytes);
    }
    return new Blob(byteArrays, { type: contentType });
}
18
投票

对于所有浏览器支持，特别是在Android上。也许你可以添加这个

   try{
       blob = new Blob( byteArrays, {type : contentType});
    }
    catch(e){
        // TypeError old chrome and FF
        window.BlobBuilder = window.BlobBuilder || 
                             window.WebKitBlobBuilder || 
                             window.MozBlobBuilder || 
                             window.MSBlobBuilder;
        if(e.name == 'TypeError' && window.BlobBuilder){
            var bb = new BlobBuilder();
            bb.append(byteArrays);
            blob = bb.getBlob(contentType);
        }
        else if(e.name == "InvalidStateError"){
            // InvalidStateError (tested on FF13 WinXP)
            blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type : contentType});
        }
        else{
            // We're screwed, blob constructor unsupported entirely   
        }
    }
13
投票

对于图像数据，我发现使用canvas.toBlob（异步）更简单

function b64toBlob(b64, onsuccess, onerror) {
    var img = new Image();

    img.onerror = onerror;

    img.onload = function onload() {
        var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.width = img.width;
        canvas.height = img.height;

        var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

        canvas.toBlob(onsuccess);
    };

    img.src = b64;
}

var base64Data = 'data:image/jpg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQA...';
b64toBlob(base64Data,
    function(blob) {
        var url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
        // do something with url
    }, function(error) {
        // handle error
    });
12
投票

看到这个例子：https://jsfiddle.net/pqhdce2L/

function b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType, sliceSize) {
  contentType = contentType || '';
  sliceSize = sliceSize || 512;

  var byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);
  var byteArrays = [];

  for (var offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
    var slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);

    var byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
      byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
    }

    var byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);

    byteArrays.push(byteArray);
  }
    
  var blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType});
  return blob;
}


var contentType = 'image/png';
var b64Data = Your Base64 encode;

var blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType);
var blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);

var img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = blobUrl;
document.body.appendChild(img);
9
投票

我注意到，在切换像jeremy建议的数据时，Internet Explorer 11变得异常缓慢。这适用于Chrome，但在将切片数据传递给Blob-Constructor时IE似乎有问题。在我的机器上，传递5 MB的数据会导致IE崩溃和内存消耗。 Chrome会立即创建blob。

运行此代码进行比较：

var byteArrays = [],
    megaBytes = 2,
    byteArray = new Uint8Array(megaBytes*1024*1024),
    block,
    blobSlowOnIE, blobFastOnIE,
    i;

for (i = 0; i < (megaBytes*1024); i++) {
    block = new Uint8Array(1024);
    byteArrays.push(block);
}

//debugger;

console.profile("No Slices");
blobSlowOnIE = new Blob(byteArrays,  { type: 'text/plain' });
console.profileEnd();

console.profile("Slices");
blobFastOnIE = new Blob([byteArray],  { type: 'text/plain' });
console.profileEnd();

所以我决定在一个函数中包含jeremy描述的两种方法。积分是为了这个。

function base64toBlob(base64Data, contentType, sliceSize) {

    var byteCharacters,
        byteArray,
        byteNumbers,
        blobData,
        blob;

    contentType = contentType || '';

    byteCharacters = atob(base64Data);

    // Get blob data sliced or not
    blobData = sliceSize ? getBlobDataSliced() : getBlobDataAtOnce();

    blob = new Blob(blobData, { type: contentType });

    return blob;


    /*
     * Get blob data in one slice.
     * => Fast in IE on new Blob(...)
     */
    function getBlobDataAtOnce() {
        byteNumbers = new Array(byteCharacters.length);

        for (var i = 0; i < byteCharacters.length; i++) {
            byteNumbers[i] = byteCharacters.charCodeAt(i);
        }

        byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);

        return [byteArray];
    }

    /*
     * Get blob data in multiple slices.
     * => Slow in IE on new Blob(...)
     */
    function getBlobDataSliced() {

        var slice,
            byteArrays = [];

        for (var offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
            slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);

            byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);

            for (var i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
                byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
            }

            byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);

            // Add slice
            byteArrays.push(byteArray);
        }

        return byteArrays;
    }
}
3
投票

如果你可以为你的项目添加一个依赖项，那就是提供方便的blob-util npm package功能的伟大的base64StringToBlob。一旦添加到您的package.json，您可以像这样使用它：

import { base64StringToBlob } from 'blob-util';

const contentType = 'image/png';
const b64Data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';

const blob = base64StringToBlob(b64Data, contentType);

// Do whatever you need with your blob...
1
投票

我发布了更多声明性的同步base64转换方式。当异步fetch().blob()非常整洁，我喜欢这个解决方案很多它在IE11上不起作用（可能是Edge - 没有测试过这个），即使是使用polyfill - 看看我对Endless帖子的评论了解更多细节。

const blobPdfFromBase64String = base64String => {
   const byteArray = Uint8Array.from(
     atob(base64String)
       .split('')
       .map(char => char.charCodeAt(0))
   );
  return new Blob([byteArray], { type: 'application/pdf' });
};

奖金

如果你想打印它，你可以这样做：

const isIE11 = !!(window.navigator && window.navigator.msSaveOrOpenBlob); // or however you want to check it
const printPDF = blob => {
   try {
     isIE11
       ? window.navigator.msSaveOrOpenBlob(blob, 'documents.pdf')
       : printJS(URL.createObjectURL(blob)); // http://printjs.crabbly.com/
   } catch (e) {
     throw PDFError;
   }
};

BONUSx2 - 在IE11的新选项卡中打开blob文件

如果你能够在服务器上对base64字符串进行一些预处理，你可以在一些url下公开它并使用printJS中的链接:)

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