在 pygame 中每 x(毫秒)秒做一些事情

问题描述 投票:0回答:3

我正在学习 Python 和 Pygame,我要做的第一件事是制作一个简单的贪吃蛇游戏。我试图让蛇每 0.25 秒移动一次。这是我的代码循环部分:

while True:
    check_for_quit()

    clear_screen()

    draw_snake()
    draw_food()

    check_for_direction_change()

    move_snake() #How do I make it so that this loop runs at normal speed, but move_snake() only executes once every 0.25 seconds?

    pygame.display.update()

我希望所有其他函数都能正常运行,但 move_snake() 仅每 0.25 秒发生一次。我查了一下并找到了一些答案,但对于制作第一个 Python 脚本的人来说,它们似乎都太复杂了。

是否有可能真正获得我的代码应该是什么样子的示例,而不仅仅是告诉我需要使用哪个函数?谢谢!

python function pygame milliseconds seconds
3个回答
14
投票

有多种方法,例如跟踪系统时间或使用

Clock
和计数刻度。

但最简单的方法是使用事件队列并每 x 毫秒创建一个事件,使用

pygame.time.set_timer()
:

pygame.time.set_timer()

在事件队列上重复创建事件

set_timer(eventid, milliseconds) -> None

设置事件类型以每隔给定的毫秒数出现在事件队列中。在经过一定时间后,第一个事件才会出现。

每个事件类型都可以附加一个单独的计时器。最好使用 pygame.USEREVENT 和 pygame.NUMEVENTS 之间的值。

要禁用事件的计时器,请将毫秒参数设置为 0。

这是一个小型的运行示例,其中蛇每 250 毫秒移动一次:

import pygame
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300))
player, dir, size = pygame.Rect(100,100,20,20), (0, 0), 20
MOVEEVENT, t, trail = pygame.USEREVENT+1, 250, []
pygame.time.set_timer(MOVEEVENT, t)
while True:
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[pygame.K_w]: dir = 0, -1
    if keys[pygame.K_a]: dir = -1, 0
    if keys[pygame.K_s]: dir = 0, 1
    if keys[pygame.K_d]: dir = 1, 0
    
    if pygame.event.get(pygame.QUIT): break
    for e in pygame.event.get():
        if e.type == MOVEEVENT: # is called every 't' milliseconds
            trail.append(player.inflate((-10, -10)))
            trail = trail[-5:]
            player.move_ip(*[v*size for v in dir])
            
    screen.fill((0,120,0))
    for t in trail:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255,0,0), t)
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255,0,0), player)
    pygame.display.flip()

enter image description here


从 pygame 2.0.1 开始,安排事情非常容易,因为

pygame.time.set_timer
现在允许自定义事件被触发一次。

这是一个在未来 X 秒运行函数一次的简单示例:

import pygame
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
ACTION = pygame.event.custom_type() # our custom event that contains an action
clock = pygame.time.Clock()


def main():
    shield = 0

    # function to activate the shield
    # note that shield is NOT just a boolean flag,
    # but an integer. Everytime we activate the shield,
    # we increment it by 1. If we want to deactivate the 
    # shield later, we can test if the deactivate event
    # is the latest one. If not, then nothing should happen.
    def activate_shield():
        nonlocal shield
        shield += 1
        return shield

    # function that creates the function that is triggered
    # after some time. It's nested so we can pass and capture
    # the id variable to check if the event is actually the
    # last deactivate event. If so, we reset shield to 0.
    def remove_shield(id):
        def action():
            nonlocal shield
            if shield == id:
                shield = 0
        return action

    while True:
        for e in pygame.event.get():
            if e.type == pygame.QUIT: return
            
            if e.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 
                # activate the shield
                id = activate_shield()
                # deactivate it 2000ms in the future
                # pygame will post this event into the event queue at the right time
                pygame.time.set_timer(pygame.event.Event(ACTION, action=remove_shield(id)), 2000, 1)
                
            if e.type == ACTION:
                # if there's an ACTION event, invoke its action!!!
                e.action()
                
        screen.fill('black')
          
        # is the shield active?
        if shield:
            pygame.draw.circle(screen, 'red', (320, 220), 35, 4)
            
        # our green little guy
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, 'green', (300, 200, 40, 40))
        pygame.display.flip()
        clock.tick(60)

main()

最小示例: repl.it@queueseven/Simple-Scheduler


6
投票

使用 Pygame 的 Clock 模块 来记录时间。具体来说,

tick
类的方法
Clock
将向您报告自上次调用
tick
以来的毫秒数。因此,您可以在游戏循环中每次迭代的开始(或结束)时调用
tick
一次,并将其返回值存储在名为
dt
的变量中。然后使用
dt
更新与时间相关的游戏状态变量。

time_elapsed_since_last_action = 0
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

while True: # game loop
    # the following method returns the time since its last call in milliseconds
    # it is good practice to store it in a variable called 'dt'
    dt = clock.tick() 

    time_elapsed_since_last_action += dt
    # dt is measured in milliseconds, therefore 250 ms = 0.25 seconds
    if time_elapsed_since_last_action > 250:
        snake.action() # move the snake here
        time_elapsed_since_last_action = 0 # reset it to 0 so you can count again

1
投票

如果你想在 Pygame 中随时间控制某些东西,你有两个选择:

  1. 使用

    pygame.time.get_ticks()
    测量时间并实现根据时间控制对象的逻辑。

  2. 使用计时器事件。使用

    pygame.time.set_timer()
    在事件队列中重复创建
    USEREVENT
    。事件发生时更改对象状态。

以下问题答案中的示例展示了如何使用它:


选项 1 的最小示例:

import pygame

pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 200))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
rect = pygame.Rect(0, 80, 20, 20)

time_interval = 500 # 500 milliseconds == 0.5 seconds
next_step_time = 0

run = True
while run:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False 

    current_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
    if current_time > next_step_time:
        next_step_time += time_interval
        rect.x = (rect.x + 20) % window.get_width()

    window.fill(0)
    pygame.draw.rect(window, (255, 0, 0), rect)
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(100)

pygame.quit()
exit()

选项 2 的最小示例:

import pygame

pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 200))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
rect = pygame.Rect(0, 80, 20, 20)

time_interval = 500 # 500 milliseconds == 0.5 seconds
timer_event = pygame.USEREVENT+1
pygame.time.set_timer(timer_event, time_interval) 

run = True
while run:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False 

        if event.type == timer_event:
            rect.x = (rect.x + 20) % window.get_width()

    window.fill(0)
    pygame.draw.rect(window, (255, 0, 0), rect)
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(100)

pygame.quit()
exit()

© www.soinside.com 2019 - 2024. All rights reserved.