Spyder（已安装 pip）不再启动并出现错误：未定义符号：_ZdaPvm，版本 QT_5

Question

在 Ubuntu 22.04（5.15.0-43-generic）上，我使用 pip 新更新了

spyder

，如下所示：

$ sudo -H pip3 install --upgrade spyder

一切都很顺利，但是当我现在启动spyder时它会抛出此错误：

$ spyder 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/spyder", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/spyder/app/start.py", line 248, in main
    from spyder.app import mainwindow
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/spyder/app/mainwindow.py", line 57, in <module>
    from qtpy import QtWebEngineWidgets  # analysis:ignore
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/qtpy/QtWebEngineWidgets.py", line 29, in <module>
    from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import QWebEnginePage
ImportError: /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/PyQt5/Qt5/lib/libQt5Network.so.5: undefined symbol: _ZdaPvm, version Qt_5

更多信息：

$ python3 --version
Python 3.10.4

$ pip list | grep -i pyqt
PyQt5                         5.15.6
PyQt5-Qt5                     5.15.2
PyQt5-sip                     12.11.0
PyQtWebEngine                 5.15.5
PyQtWebEngine-Qt5             5.15.2

$ pip list | grep -i spyder
pyls-spyder                   0.4.0
spyder                        5.3.2
spyder-kernels                2.3.2

我无法卸载 PyQt5:

$ sudo -H pip uninstall pyqt5
Found existing installation: PyQt5 5.15.6
ERROR: Cannot uninstall PyQt5 5.15.6, RECORD file not found. Hint: The package was installed by sip-build.

最后一行在终端中以红色打印。

从那时起，我无法找到有关如何调试它以使spyder再次工作的相关信息。

我可以做什么来修复这个错误？

Answer 1

好的，这解决了我的问题：

$ sudo -H pip3 install --force-reinstall spyder

它可能会抛出一些错误，例如：

  Attempting uninstall: PyQtWebEngine
    Found existing installation: PyQtWebEngine 5.15.5
ERROR: Cannot uninstall PyQtWebEngine 5.15.5, RECORD file not found. Hint: The package was installed by sip-build.

如果您尝试单独更新，将会显示：

$ sudo -H pip3 install -U PyQtWebEngine
Requirement already satisfied: PyQtWebEngine in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (5.15.5)
Collecting PyQtWebEngine
  Using cached PyQtWebEngine-5.15.6-cp37-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (230 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: PyQt5>=5.15.4 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from PyQtWebEngine) (5.15.7)
Requirement already satisfied: PyQtWebEngine-Qt5>=5.15.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from PyQtWebEngine) (5.15.2)
Requirement already satisfied: PyQt5-sip<13,>=12.11 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from PyQtWebEngine) (12.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: PyQt5-Qt5>=5.15.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from PyQt5>=5.15.4->PyQtWebEngine) (5.15.2)
Installing collected packages: PyQtWebEngine
  Attempting uninstall: PyQtWebEngine
    Found existing installation: PyQtWebEngine 5.15.5
ERROR: Cannot uninstall PyQtWebEngine 5.15.5, RECORD file not found. Hint: The package was installed by sip-build.

因此，在这种情况下，请使用受罪包上的

--ignore-installed

标志运行安装，这 应该 毫无问题地安装它：

$ sudo -H pip3 install --ignore-installed PyQtWebEngine
Collecting PyQtWebEngine
  Using cached PyQtWebEngine-5.15.6-cp37-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (230 kB)
Collecting PyQtWebEngine-Qt5>=5.15.0
  Using cached PyQtWebEngine_Qt5-5.15.2-py3-none-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (67.5 MB)
Collecting PyQt5>=5.15.4
  Using cached PyQt5-5.15.7-cp37-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (8.4 MB)
Collecting PyQt5-sip<13,>=12.11
  Using cached PyQt5_sip-12.11.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (359 kB)
Collecting PyQt5-Qt5>=5.15.0
  Using cached PyQt5_Qt5-5.15.2-py3-none-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (59.9 MB)
Installing collected packages: PyQtWebEngine-Qt5, PyQt5-Qt5, PyQt5-sip, PyQt5, PyQtWebEngine
Successfully installed PyQt5-5.15.7 PyQt5-Qt5-5.15.2 PyQt5-sip-12.11.0 PyQtWebEngine-5.15.6 PyQtWebEngine-Qt5-5.15.2

之后上述错误就不会再出现了。举个例子：

$ sudo -H pip3 install -U PyQtWebEngine
Requirement already satisfied: PyQtWebEngine in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (5.15.6)
Requirement already satisfied: PyQtWebEngine-Qt5>=5.15.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from PyQtWebEngine) (5.15.2)
Requirement already satisfied: PyQt5-sip<13,>=12.11 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from PyQtWebEngine) (12.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: PyQt5>=5.15.4 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from PyQtWebEngine) (5.15.7)
Requirement already satisfied: PyQt5-Qt5>=5.15.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages (from PyQt5>=5.15.4->PyQtWebEngine) (5.15.2)

对所有有问题的包裹重复相同的过程。

终于更新spyder了：

$ sudo -H pip3 install --force-reinstall spyder

瞧。应该有一个可用的间谍程序。

顺便说一句：请注意

-H

后面的

sudo

选项。此安装包位于

/usr/local/lib/python3.xx/dist-packages

下，通常不会与

apt

系统范围内安装的软件包（位于

/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages

下）冲突，并且您绝对不想接触其他与

apt

不同的东西！
我使用它来避免通过调用不带

pip

的

sudo

来避免在用户基础上安装相同的软件包，这将为计算机上的每个用户将它们安装在

~/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/

下。

Answer 2

你看过这个吗？这正是您不应该使用

sudo pip install

的原因。库版本会变得无聊，出现不一致，并且东西不起作用。

使用

sudo pip

（最后一次）卸载Spyder和PyQT5，然后使用

apt

重新安装相关软件包。最后，使用

pip install --user

升级 Spyder（没有

sudo

！）。之后一切应该都能正常工作。

Answer 3

这有效：

pip install pyqtwebengine