使用plot_grid时,如何更改背景颜色?我有以下图形,但我希望背景中的所有内容都是灰色的,并且没有高度差异。我怎么能改变这个?
这是我的图形和数据代码:
数据
set.seed(123456)
Test_1 <- round(rnorm(20,mean=35,sd=3),0)/100
Test_2 <- round(rnorm(20,mean=70,sd=3),0)/100
ei.data <- as.data.frame(cbind(Test_1,Test_2))
intercept <- as.data.frame(matrix(0,20,1))
slope <- as.data.frame(matrix(0,20,1))
data <- cbind(intercept,slope)
colnames(data) <- c("intercept","slope")
for (i in 1:nrow(ei.data)){
data[i,1] <- (ei.data[i,2]/(1-ei.data[i,1]))
data[i,2] <- ((ei.data[i,1]/(1-ei.data[i,1]))*(-1))
}
左图
p <- ggplot(data, aes(Test_1,Test_2))+
geom_point(shape=1,size=1)+
theme_bw()+
xlab(TeX("$n_{1,i}$"))+
ylab(TeX("$t_{1,i}$"))+
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0,1),breaks=seq(0,1,0.2))+
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0,1),breaks=seq(0,1,0.2))+
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = "grey92", colour = NA),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey92", colour = NA),
axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"))+
theme(aspect.ratio=1)
p
正确的情节
df <- data.frame()
q <- ggplot(df)+
geom_point()+
theme_bw()+
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 1),breaks=seq(0,1,0.2))+
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 1),breaks=seq(0,1,0.2))+
xlab(TeX("$\\beta_i^{1,1}"))+
ylab(TeX("$\\beta_i^{2,1}"))+
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = "grey92", colour = NA),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey92", colour = NA), axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"))+
theme(aspect.ratio=1)+
geom_abline(slope =data[1,2] , intercept =data[1,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[2,2] , intercept =data[2,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[3,2] , intercept =data[3,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[4,2] , intercept =data[4,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[5,2] , intercept =data[5,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[6,2] , intercept =data[6,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[7,2] , intercept =data[7,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[8,2] , intercept =data[8,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[9,2] , intercept =data[9,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[10,2] , intercept =data[10,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[11,2] , intercept =data[11,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[12,2] , intercept =data[12,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[13,2] , intercept =data[13,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[14,2] , intercept =data[14,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[15,2] , intercept =data[15,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[16,2] , intercept =data[16,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[17,2] , intercept =data[17,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[18,2] , intercept =data[18,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[19,2] , intercept =data[19,1], size = 0.3)+
geom_abline(slope =data[20,2] , intercept =data[20,1], size = 0.3)
q
排号
plot_grid(p,q,ncol=2, align = "v")
由于您以相同的方式自定义图表,因此我们可以更轻松地调整这些自定义项(如果您改变主意):
theme_plt <- function() {
theme_bw() +
theme(
panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = "grey92", colour = NA),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey92", colour = NA),
axis.line = element_line(colour = "black")
) +
theme(aspect.ratio = 1)
}
common_scales <- function() {
list(
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 1), breaks = seq(0, 1, 0.2)),
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 1), breaks = seq(0, 1, 0.2))
)
}
你的左图调用使用错误的参数data
,这里修复了:
ggplot(ei.data, aes(Test_1, Test_2)) +
geom_point(shape = 1, size = 1) +
common_scales() +
labs(
x = TeX("$n_{1,i}$"), y = TeX("$t_{1,i}$")
) +
theme_plt() -> gg1
您可以通过以下方式简化您的abline
重复性:
ggplot() +
geom_point() +
geom_abline(
data = data, aes(slope = slope, intercept = intercept), size = 0.3
) +
common_scales() +
labs(
x = TeX("$\\beta_i^{1,1}"), y = TeX("$\\beta_i^{2,1}")
) +
theme_plt() -> gg2
现在,高度差异的原因是由于右图具有子脚本和超级脚本。因此,我们可以通过以下方式确保所有位都具有相同的高度(因为这些图具有相同的绘图区域元素):
gt1 <- ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(gg1))
gt2 <- ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(gg2))
gt1$heights <- gt2$heights
让我们来看看:
cowplot::plot_grid(gt1, gt2, ncol = 2, align = "v")
你无法从^^告诉,但由于你设置的aspect.ratio
,在图表上方和下方有一个水平的白色边缘/边框。 RStudio永远不会显示任何其他颜色,但白色(mebbe,最终可能在1.2中的“黑暗”模式中为“黑色”)。
其他绘图设备有bg
颜色,您可以指定。我们可以使用magick
设备并放入适当的高度/宽度以确保没有白色边框/边距:
image_graph(900, 446, bg = "grey92")
cowplot::plot_grid(gt1, gt2, ncol = 2, align = "v")
dev.off()
如果绘图窗格/窗口的大小不是宽高比但实际绘图“图像”没有任何大小,^ ^仍然看起来它在RStudio中有一个顶部/底部边框。
使用png()
,您可以通过更改bg
来正确保存图像:
png(bg = "grey92") # set the same bg
cowplot::plot_grid(p,q,ncol=2, align = "v")
#gridExtra::grid.arrange(p,q,ncol=2)
dev.off()
更新:
使用此功能,您甚至可以删除图形中的白色边框(无需保存png
):
library(gridExtra)
library(grid)
grid.draw(grobTree(rectGrob(gp=gpar(fill="grey92", lwd=0)), # this changes the bg in the graphics (R viewer)
arrangeGrob(p,q,ncol=2)))
我认为提供的各种解决方案过于复杂。因为cowplot::plot_grid()
返回一个新的ggplot2对象,你可以使用ggplot2的主题机制来设置它。
首先是问题代码的可重现示例,简化为here:
library(ggplot2)
library(latex2exp)
set.seed(123456)
Test_1 <- round(rnorm(20,mean=35,sd=3),0)/100
Test_2 <- round(rnorm(20,mean=70,sd=3),0)/100
ei.data <- as.data.frame(cbind(Test_1,Test_2))
intercept <- as.data.frame(matrix(0,20,1))
slope <- as.data.frame(matrix(0,20,1))
data <- cbind(intercept,slope)
colnames(data) <- c("intercept","slope")
for (i in 1:nrow(ei.data)){
data[i,1] <- (ei.data[i,2]/(1-ei.data[i,1]))
data[i,2] <- ((ei.data[i,1]/(1-ei.data[i,1]))*(-1))
}
theme_plt <- function() {
theme_bw() +
theme(
panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = "grey92", colour = NA),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey92", colour = NA),
axis.line = element_line(colour = "black")
) +
theme(aspect.ratio = 1)
}
common_scales <- function() {
list(
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 1), breaks = seq(0, 1, 0.2)),
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 1), breaks = seq(0, 1, 0.2))
)
}
ggplot(ei.data, aes(Test_1, Test_2)) +
geom_point(shape = 1, size = 1) +
common_scales() +
labs(
x = TeX("$n_{1,i}$"), y = TeX("$t_{1,i}$")
) +
theme_plt() -> gg1
ggplot() +
geom_point() +
geom_abline(
data = data, aes(slope = slope, intercept = intercept), size = 0.3
) +
common_scales() +
labs(
x = TeX("$\\beta_i^{1,1}"), y = TeX("$\\beta_i^{2,1}")
) +
theme_plt() -> gg2
cowplot::plot_grid(gg1, gg2, align = "v")
我们可以看到,这两个数字的尺寸略有不同,因此背景不匹配。
解决方案是在plot_grid()
调用之后简单地添加一个主题语句:
cowplot::plot_grid(gg1, gg2, align = "v") +
theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey92", colour = NA))
这创建了所选颜色的统一背景。您当然必须调整绘图的输出尺寸,以避免两个数字上下的大量灰色。
为了更清楚地突出显示正在发生的事情,让我们使用不同的颜色选择来设计组合图:
cowplot::plot_grid(gg1, gg2, align = "v") +
theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "cornsilk", colour = "blue"))
我们可以看到主题语句应用于画布,plot_grid()
将两个图块粘贴到该画布上。
最后,我们可以首先询问为什么问题存在,答案是因为图不对齐。为了使它们完美对齐,我们需要垂直和水平对齐,当我们这样做时,事情按预期工作:
cowplot::plot_grid(gg1, gg2, align = "vh")
通常情况下,align = "h"
就足够了(当情节被放置在同一行时,align = "v"
是不正确的),但由于主题具有固定的纵横比,我们需要水平和垂直对齐,因此align = "vh"
。