C ++-阐明何时以及如何调用析构函数

问题描述 投票:0回答:1

因此,我下面有一个完整的程序,该程序创建Book对象,对其进行初始化,并打印在程序执行过程中创建或销毁的所有构造函数/析构函数。

我已经运行了我的代码(并在下面粘贴了输出),并且在理解如何调用析构函数时遇到了麻烦。因此,我知道构造函数是按照与创建它们相反的顺序销毁的。但是我不明白为什么四个析构函数语句的id为4。我假设一个来自“对副本构造函数的显式调用”,另一个来自“从第5本书中声明和初始化第6本书”,另一个来自“声明和初始化书籍1至4”的第一部分。但是我对4的额外ID来自何处感到困惑?

[另外,我想知道为什么没有为创建默认ctor:0的“声明书5”部分打印“-dtor:0”。

非常感谢您的澄清!

main.cc:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

#include "Book.h"


void func1(Book);
void func2(Book&);


int main()
{
  cout<<endl<<"Declaring and initializing books 1 to 4..."<<endl;

  Book b1(1, "Ender's Game", "Orson Scott Card");
  Book b2(2, "Dune", "Frank Herbert");
  Book b3(3, "Foundation", "Isaac Asimov");
  Book b4(4, "Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "Douglas Adams");

  cout<<endl<<"Declaring book 5..."<<endl;
  Book b5;
  b5.print();

  cout<<endl<<"Assigning book 4 to 5..."<<endl;
  b5 = b4;
  b5.print();

  cout<<endl<<"Declaring and initializing book 6 from book 5..."<<endl;
  Book b6 = b5;
  b6.print(); 

  cout<<endl<<"Calling func1()..."<<endl;
  func1(b1);

  cout<<endl<<"Calling func2()..."<<endl;
  func2(b2);

  cout<<endl<<"Explicit call to copy constructor..."<<endl;
  Book b7(b6);


  cout << endl << endl;

  return 0;
}

void func1(Book b)
{
  b.print();
}

void func2(Book& b)
{
  b.print();
}

book.cc:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#include "Book.h"

Book::Book(int i, string t, string a)
{
  cout<<"-- default ctor:  "<< i <<endl;
  id     = i;
  title  = t;
  author = a;
}

Book::Book(const Book& other)
{
  id     = other.id;
  title  = other.title;
  author = other.author;

  cout<<"-- copy ctor:  "<< id <<endl;
}


Book::~Book()
{
  cout<<"-- dtor:  "<< id <<endl;
}

void Book::print()
{
  cout<<"** "<< title <<" by "<<author<<endl;
}

book.h:

#ifndef BOOK_H
#define BOOK_H

#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Book
{
  public:
    Book(int=0, string="Unknown", string="Unknown");
    Book(const Book&);
    ~Book();
    void print();

  private:
    int id;
    string title;
    string author;
};

#endif

输出:

Declaring and initializing books 1 to 4...
-- default ctor:  1
-- default ctor:  2
-- default ctor:  3
-- default ctor:  4

Declaring book 5...
-- default ctor:  0
** Unknown by Unknown

Assigning book 4 to 5...
** Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams

Declaring and initializing book 6 from book 5...
-- copy ctor:  4
** Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams

Calling func1()...
-- copy ctor:  1
** Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card
-- dtor:  1

Calling func2()...
** Dune by Frank Herbert

Explicit call to copy constructor...
-- copy ctor:  4


-- dtor:  4
-- dtor:  4
-- dtor:  4
-- dtor:  4
-- dtor:  3
-- dtor:  2
-- dtor:  1
c++ dynamic constructor destructor copy-constructor
1个回答
0
投票

我不明白为什么四个析构函数语句的id为4

因为在语句中将b4分配给b5

b5 = b4;

然后复制构造b6 = b5;b7(b6);各自具有id = 4,因此析构函数打印

-- dtor: 4

[另外,我想知道为什么没有为创建默认ctor:0的“声明书5”部分打印“-dtor:0”。

因为创建Book b5;时它具有id = 0,但是当将b4分配给b5 id的代码变为4时,因此没有打印“-dtor:0”。

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