如何处理堆内存垃圾？

Question

所以我有创建PiggyBank对象的代码。根据选择，有三个if语句。由于关键字new在堆中分配对象，我应该如何正确管理内存垃圾，因此，当创建其他类型的构造函数时，旧的存钱罐将消失，在以下代码中：

while(fChoice!=""){
        showFunctions();
        PiggyBank *pb;

        cin>>fChoice;
        cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(),'\n');

        if(fChoice=="a") {
            pb = new PiggyBank();
        }
        else if (fChoice=="b"){
            cout<<"ENTER NAME:"<<endl;
            string name = "";
            cin>>name;
            pb = new PiggyBank(name);
        }
        else if (fChoice=="c") {
            cout<<"ENTER NAME:"<<endl;
            string name = "";
            cin>>name;
            cout<<"ENTER STARTING BALANCE:"<<endl;
            int startBalance = 0;
            cin>>startBalance;
            pb = new PiggyBank(name,startBalance);
        }
}

Answer 1

首先不要使用动态内存分配。这里没有明显的原因：

while(fChoice!=""){
        showFunctions();
        PiggyBank pb;

        cin>>fChoice;
        cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(),'\n');

        if(fChoice=="a") {
            pb = PiggyBank();
        }
        else if (fChoice=="b"){
            cout<<"ENTER NAME:"<<endl;
            string name = "";
            cin>>name;
            pb = PiggyBank(name);
        }
        else if (fChoice=="c") {
            cout<<"ENTER NAME:"<<endl;
            string name = "";
            cin>>name;
            cout<<"ENTER STARTING BALANCE:"<<endl;
            int startBalance = 0;
            cin>>startBalance;
            pb = PiggyBank(name,startBalance);
        }
}

（当然，这里PiggyBank的定义有些依赖性）

---

如果您需要动态分配，请使用std::unique_ptr为您自动处理删除：

while(fChoice!=""){
        showFunctions();
        std::unique_ptr<PiggyBank> pb;

        cin>>fChoice;
        cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(),'\n');

        if(fChoice=="a") {
            pb = new PiggyBank();
        }
        else if (fChoice=="b"){
            cout<<"ENTER NAME:"<<endl;
            string name = "";
            cin>>name;
            pb = new PiggyBank(name);
        }
        else if (fChoice=="c") {
            cout<<"ENTER NAME:"<<endl;
            string name = "";
            cin>>name;
            cout<<"ENTER STARTING BALANCE:"<<endl;
            int startBalance = 0;
            cin>>startBalance;
            pb = new PiggyBank(name,startBalance);
        }
}