如何在VBA中使用.Run时隐藏所有窗口，当windowStyle = 0时是不够的

问题描述 投票：3回答：3

在VBA中使用.Run启动.exe时，典型的调用可能如下所示：

x = wsh.Run(Command:="program.exe ""argument""", WindowStyle:=0, waitonreturn:=False)

其中windowStyle=0理论上应该导致程序对用户不可见。但是，如果在.exe中出现一个您不希望用户看到的弹出窗口怎么办？

windowStyle输入不会抑制警告消息的出现或弹出窗口，声明“计算完成”之类的内容不会出现给用户，这通常还会暂停代码，直到弹出窗口被清除。以自动方式清除窗口（即点击'okay'）是微不足道的（参见this answer），但是作为相对初学者，对我来说防止它出现在用户身上是很困难的。 （即当弹出由.exe触发时，它对用户是不可见的，然后由VBA代码自动关闭）

目前我使用此函数检测是否存在新的弹出窗口（其中sCaption是弹出窗口的名称）：

Private Function GetHandleFromPartialCaption(ByRef lWnd As Long, ByVal sCaption As String) As Boolean

Dim lhWndP As Long
Dim sStr As String
GetHandleFromPartialCaption = False
lhWndP = FindWindow(vbNullString, vbNullString) 'PARENT WINDOW
Do While lhWndP <> 0
    sStr = String(GetWindowTextLength(lhWndP) + 1, Chr$(0))
    GetWindowText lhWndP, sStr, Len(sStr)
    sStr = Left$(sStr, Len(sStr) - 1)
    If InStr(1, sStr, sCaption) > 0 Then
        GetHandleFromPartialCaption = True
        lWnd = lhWndP
        Exit Do
    End If
    lhWndP = GetWindow(lhWndP, GW_HWNDNEXT)
    Loop
End Function

然后自动关闭它。但它仍然会在屏幕上短暂闪现给用户。理想情况下，我希望这个VBA代码在后台运行，这样用户可以在运行时继续执行其他任务，而不会被闪烁的盒子分散注意力。

有没有办法强制program.exe的所有窗口，包括弹出窗口，在运行时是不可见的？

有关详细信息，请参阅我之前关于如何关闭弹出窗口here的问题。该主题涉及如何防止其出现给用户。

编辑1

SendKeys是不稳定的，所以当我检测到弹出窗口时，我使用这个循环代码来杀死.exe，因此.exe不需要关注弹出窗口（关闭弹出窗口会杀死.exe）无论如何我的情况）：

....
Main Code Body
....
    t = Now
    waittime = Now + TimeValue("0:01:30") 'limit to run a single row of calculations 
    Do While t < waittime
        If GetHandleFromPartialCaption(lhWndP, "Popup Window Text") = True Then
               Set oServ = GetObject("winmgmts:")
               Set cProc = oServ.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_Process")
                  For Each oProc In cProc
                      If oProc.Name = "Program.exe" Then 
                         errReturnCode = oProc.Terminate() 
                         Marker2 = 1
                         Exit Do
                      End If
                  Next
        Endif
    Loop
....
Main Code Body Continues
....

其中GetHandleFromPartialCaption()是上面的函数，根据sCaption参数找到弹出窗口。我的代码在.exe运行计算时不断循环并搜索弹出窗口，并在出现时立即杀死.exe。但它仍然闪现在用户身上。

excel vba excel-vba hidden window-style
3个回答
4
投票

要运行完全隐藏的应用程序，请使用desktop在不同的CreateProcess中启动它。

这是一个执行简单命令行并等待进程退出的示例：

Option Explicit

Private Declare PtrSafe Function OpenDesktop Lib "user32.dll" Alias "OpenDesktopW" (ByVal lpszDesktop As LongPtr, ByVal dwFlags As Long, ByVal fInherit As Byte, ByVal dwDesiredAccess As Long) As LongPtr
Private Declare PtrSafe Function CreateDesktop Lib "user32.dll" Alias "CreateDesktopW" (ByVal lpszDesktop As LongPtr, ByVal lpszDevice As LongPtr, ByVal pDevmode As LongPtr, ByVal dwFlags As Long, ByVal dwDesiredAccess As Long, ByVal lpsa As LongPtr) As LongPtr
Private Declare PtrSafe Function CloseDesktop Lib "user32.dll" (ByVal hDesktop As LongPtr) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function CreateProcess Lib "kernel32.dll" Alias "CreateProcessW" (ByVal lpApplicationName As LongPtr, ByVal lpCommandLine As LongPtr, ByVal lpProcessAttributes As LongPtr, ByVal lpThreadAttributes As LongPtr, ByVal bInheritHandles As Byte, ByVal dwCreationFlags As Long, ByVal lpEnvironment As LongPtr, ByVal lpCurrentDirectory As LongPtr, ByRef lpStartupInfo As STARTUPINFO, ByRef lpProcessInformation As PROCESS_INFORMATION) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function WaitForSingleObject Lib "kernel32.dll" (ByVal hHandle As LongPtr, ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function GetExitCodeProcess Lib "kernel32.dll" (ByVal hProcess As LongPtr, ByRef lpExitCode As Long) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function CloseHandle Lib "kernel32.dll" (ByVal hObject As LongPtr) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function GetWindowText Lib "user32.dll" Alias "GetWindowTextW" (ByVal hwnd As LongPtr, ByVal lpString As LongPtr, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function EnumDesktopWindows Lib "user32.dll" (ByVal hDesktop As LongPtr, ByVal lpfn As LongPtr, ByRef lParam As Any) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function SendMessageW Lib "user32.dll" (ByVal hwnd As LongPtr, ByVal wMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As LongPtr, ByVal lParam As LongPtr) As LongPtr
Private Declare PtrSafe Function GetLastError Lib "kernel32.dll" () As Long

Private Type STARTUPINFO
  cb                  As Long
  lpReserved          As LongPtr
  lpDesktop           As LongPtr
  lpTitle             As LongPtr
  dwX                 As Long
  dwY                 As Long
  dwXSize             As Long
  dwYSize             As Long
  dwXCountChars       As Long
  dwYCountChars       As Long
  dwFillAttribute     As Long
  dwFlags             As Long
  wShowWindow         As Integer
  cbReserved2         As Integer
  lpReserved2         As LongPtr
  hStdInput           As LongPtr
  hStdOutput          As LongPtr
  hStdError           As LongPtr
End Type

Private Type PROCESS_INFORMATION
  hProcess            As LongPtr
  hThread             As LongPtr
  dwProcessID         As Long
  dwThreadID          As Long
End Type


Public Sub UsageExample()
  Dim exitCode As Long
  exitCode = ExecuteHidden("cmd /C echo abcd > %USERPROFILE%\Desktop\output.txt", timeoutMs:=10000)
End Sub

Public Function ExecuteHidden(command As String, timeoutMs As Long) As Long
  Dim si As STARTUPINFO, pi As PROCESS_INFORMATION, hDesktop As LongPtr, ex As Long
  Const NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS& = &H20&, INFINITE& = &HFFFFFFFF, GENERIC_ALL& = &H10000000

  On Error GoTo Catch

  ' get a virtual desktop '
  si.lpDesktop = StrPtr("hidden-desktop")
  hDesktop = OpenDesktop(si.lpDesktop, 0, 0, GENERIC_ALL)
  If hDesktop Then Else hDesktop = CreateDesktop(si.lpDesktop, 0, 0, 0, GENERIC_ALL, 0)
  If hDesktop Then Else Err.Raise GetLastError()

  ' run the command '
  si.cb = LenB(si)
  If CreateProcess(0, StrPtr(command), 0, 0, 1, NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, 0, 0, si, pi) Then Else Err.Raise GetLastError()

  ' wait for exit '
  If WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, timeoutMs) Then Err.Raise 1000, , "Timeout while waiting for the process to exit"
  If GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, ExecuteHidden) <> 0 Then Else Err.Raise GetLastError()

  ' cleanup '
Catch:
  If pi.hThread Then CloseHandle pi.hThread
  If pi.hProcess Then CloseHandle pi.hProcess
  If hDesktop Then CloseDesktop hDesktop
  If Err.Number Then Err.Raise Err.Number
End Function

如果您需要在桌面上找到一个窗口，请使用EnumDesktopWindows而不是EnumWindows：

Private Function FindWindow(ByVal hDesktop As LongPtr, title As String) As LongPtr
  Dim hwnds As New Collection, hwnd, buffer$
  buffer = Space$(1024)

  EnumDesktopWindows hDesktop, AddressOf EnumDesktopWindowsProc, hwnds

  For Each hwnd In hwnds
    If Left$(buffer, GetWindowText(hwnd, StrPtr(buffer), Len(buffer))) Like title Then
      FindWindow = hwnd
      Exit Function
    End If
  Next
End Function

Private Function EnumDesktopWindowsProc(ByVal hwnd As LongPtr, hwnds As Collection) As Long
  hwnds.Add hwnd
  EnumDesktopWindowsProc = True
End Function

如果您需要关闭窗口，只需将WM_CLOSE发送到主窗口或弹出窗口：

const WM_CLOSE& = &H10&
SendMessageW hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0
3
投票

简短的回答是隐藏弹出窗口，它需要调用ShowOwnedPopups(hwnd,0)。这里给出了VBA声明

Declare Function ShowOwnedPopups Lib "user32" Alias "ShowOwnedPopups" _
   (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal fShow As Long) As Long

对于一些实验性的C＃代码进行更长时间的回答，请查看此blog post。为简洁起见，我将博客文章的第一部分复制到了答案中。

首先，一个关键的读取资源是Windows Features，它告诉所有窗口都是用CreateWindowEx创建的，但弹出窗口是通过指定WS_POPUP创建的，子窗口是通过指定WS_CHILD创建的。所以弹出窗口和子窗口是不同的。

在Window Visibility部分的同一页面上，它解释了我们可以设置主窗口的可见性，并且更改将级联到所有子窗口，但没有提到这个影响弹出窗口的级联。

这里有一些最终的VBA代码，但它依赖于一个名为VisibilityExperiment的简单C＃演示程序

Option Explicit

Private Declare Function ShowOwnedPopups Lib _
    "user32" (ByVal hwnd As Long, _
    ByVal fShow As Long) As Long

Private Declare Function EnumWindows _
    Lib "user32" ( _
        ByVal lpEnumFunc As Long, _
        ByVal lParam As Long) _
        As Long

Private Declare Function GetWindowThreadProcessId _
    Lib "user32" (ByVal hwnd As Long, lpdwprocessid As Long) As Long



Private mlPid As Long
Private mlHWnd As Variant


Private Function EnumAllWindows(ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long

    Dim plProcID As Long
    GetWindowThreadProcessId hwnd, plProcID
    If plProcID = mlPid Then
        If IsEmpty(mlHWnd) Then
            mlHWnd = hwnd
            Debug.Print "HWnd:&" & Hex$(mlHWnd) & "  PID:&" & Hex$(mlPid) & "(" & mlPid & ")"
        End If
    End If

    EnumAllWindows = True
End Function

Private Function GetPID(ByVal sExe As String) As Long

    Static oServ As Object
    If oServ Is Nothing Then Set oServ = GetObject("winmgmts:\\.\root\cimv2")

    Dim cProc As Object
    Set cProc = oServ.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_Process")

    Dim oProc As Object
    For Each oProc In cProc
        If oProc.Name = sExe Then
            Dim lPid As Long
            GetPID = oProc.ProcessID
        End If
    Next

End Function


Private Sub Test()

    Dim wsh As IWshRuntimeLibrary.WshShell
    Set wsh = New IWshRuntimeLibrary.WshShell

    Dim lWinStyle As WshWindowStyle
    lWinStyle = WshNormalFocus

    Dim sExe As String
    sExe = "VisibilityExperiment.exe"

    Dim sExeFullPath As String
    sExeFullPath = Environ$("USERPROFILE") & "\source\repos\VisibilityExperiment\VisibilityExperiment\bin\Debug\" & sExe

    Dim x As Long
    x = wsh.Run(sExeFullPath, lWinStyle, False)

    mlPid = GetPID(sExe)

    mlHWnd = Empty
    Call EnumWindows(AddressOf EnumAllWindows, 0)


    Stop
    Call ShowOwnedPopups(mlHWnd, 0)  '* o to hide, 1 to show

End Sub

要重复，要隐藏弹出窗口，必须调用ShowOwnedPopups（）。可悲的是，我无法看到这种限制。即使我们试图直接使用Windows API来生成进程，STARTUPINFO structure (Windows)中也没有任何东西看起来会有所帮助，没有什么可以指定弹出窗口的可见性。

1
投票

怎么样：

Dim TaskID as Double
TaskID = Shell("program.exe", vbHide)

或者如果窗口的行为不符合要求，请尝试使用vbNormalNoFocus或vbMinimizedNoFocus。

如果由于某种原因这不合适，请分享一些关于.exe的更多信息...也许重定向输出可能是一个选项。

我假设您无法修改“program.exe”以使用其他类型的通知？

另一种方法是强制Excel保持“最佳”：

#If Win64 Then

    Public Declare PtrSafe Function SetWindowPos _
        Lib "user32" ( _
            ByVal hwnd As LongPtr, _
            ByVal hwndInsertAfter As LongPtr, _
            ByVal x As Long, ByVal y As Long, _
            ByVal cx As Long, ByVal cy As Long, _
            ByVal wFlags As Long) _
    As Long

#Else

    Public Declare Function SetWindowPos _
        Lib "user32" ( _
            ByVal hwnd As Long, _
            ByVal hwndInsertAfter As Long, _
            ByVal x As Long, ByVal y As Long, _
            ByVal cx As Long, ByVal cy As Long, _
            ByVal wFlags As Long) _
    As Long
#End If

Public Const SWP_NOSIZE = &H1
Public Const SWP_NOMOVE = &H2
Public Const HWND_TOPMOST = -1
Public Const HWND_NOTOPMOST = -2

Sub ShowXLOnTop(ByVal OnTop As Boolean)
    Dim xStype As Long
    #If Win64 Then
        Dim xHwnd As LongPtr
    #Else
        Dim xHwnd As Long
    #End If
    If OnTop Then
        xStype = HWND_TOPMOST
    Else
        xStype = HWND_NOTOPMOST
    End If
    Call SetWindowPos(Application.hwnd, xStype, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOSIZE Or SWP_NOMOVE)
End Sub

Sub SetXLOnTop()
    ShowXLOnTop True
End Sub

Sub SetXLNormal()
    ShowXLOnTop False
End Sub
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