为什么不能根据道具反应设置初始状态

问题描述 投票:1回答:2

我有一个es6 react组件,我希望状态的初始值依赖于传递的prop的值,但它的值总是false:

AttachStateToProps组件

<AttachStateToProps VALUE=false />

AttachStateToProps组件:

class AttachStateToProps extends React.Component {
  state = {
    stateValue: this.props.VALUE,
  }
  render() {
    console.log('Value of Prop - ', this.props.VALUE)
    console.log('Value of State - ', this.state.stateValue)

  return null
  }
}

每当prop VALUE的值改变时,我得到:

`Value of Prop - false` // this changes whenever I change prop value in 
   <AttachStateToProps />

`Value of State - false` // this does not change accordingly.

我想it could be something to do with state/setState being async和更老的getinitialState,但我不明白为什么。

reactjs ecmascript-6 state es6-class react-fiber
2个回答
5
投票

从构造函数中的props初始化状态,或作为类属性,在prop更改时不会更新状态。但是,react确实会检测到prop变化,并重新渲染组件。

例:

class AttachStateToProps extends React.Component {
  state = {
    stateValue: this.props.VALUE,
  }
  render() {
    console.log('Value of Prop - ', this.props.VALUE)
    console.log('Value of State - ', this.state.stateValue)

  return null
  }
}

const renderWithVal = (val) => ReactDOM.render(
  <AttachStateToProps VALUE={val} />,
  demo
);

renderWithVal(5);
renderWithVal(15);
renderWithVal(115);
<script crossorigin src="https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script crossorigin src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>

<div id="demo"></div>

要在prop更改时更新状态,您需要使用组件的lifecycle method

使用React ^ 16.3,您可以使用静态getDerivedStateFromProps()方法从props更新状态(并初始化它):

static getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps) {    
  return {
    stateValue: nextProps.VALUE,
  }
}

class AttachStateToProps extends React.Component {
  state = {};

  static getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps) {    
    return {
      stateValue: nextProps.VALUE,
    }
  }
      
  render() {
    console.log('Value of Prop - ', this.props.VALUE)
    console.log('Value of State - ', this.state.stateValue)

  return null
  }
}

const renderWithVal = (val) => ReactDOM.render(
  <AttachStateToProps VALUE={val} />,
  demo
);

renderWithVal(5);
renderWithVal(15);
renderWithVal(115);
<script crossorigin src="https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.development.js"></script>
<script crossorigin src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>

<div id="demo"></div>

使用16.3之前的React版本,您可以使用componentWillReceiveProps()

注意:不推荐使用componentWillReceiveProps,但它将在17版之前运行。

componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps, prevState) {
  this.setState({
    stateValue: nextProps.VALUE,
  })
}

1
投票

如果没有构造函数中的super(props),它将无法工作。

    class AttachStateToProps extends React.Component { 
constructor(props) { 
super(props); 
this.state = { stateValue: this.props.VALUE, 
} 
} 
render() { 
console.log('Value of Prop - ', this.props.VALUE) console.log('Value of State - ', this.state.stateValue) return null 
}
 }
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