错误：pip install mysqlclient 时出现子进程退出错误

Question

我正在尝试在 Ubuntu 上安装 MySQLClinet，当我

pip install mysqlclient

时，我收到此错误：

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting mysqlclient
  Using cached mysqlclient-2.2.4.tar.gz (90 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [27 lines of output]
      /bin/sh: 1: pkg-config: not found
      /bin/sh: 1: pkg-config: not found
      /bin/sh: 1: pkg-config: not found
      Trying pkg-config --exists mysqlclient
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mysqlclient' returned non-zero exit status 127.
      Trying pkg-config --exists mariadb
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mariadb' returned non-zero exit status 127.
      Trying pkg-config --exists libmariadb
      Command 'pkg-config --exists libmariadb' returned non-zero exit status 127.
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
        File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-8kpxdgiv/overlay/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 325, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-8kpxdgiv/overlay/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 295, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-8kpxdgiv/overlay/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 311, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 155, in <module>
        File "<string>", line 49, in get_config_posix
        File "<string>", line 28, in find_package_name
      Exception: Can not find valid pkg-config name.
      Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS env vars manually
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

我尝试过，但没有帮助：

1. pip install --upgrade setuptools

2. pip install ez_setup

3. sudo apt install mysql-server

   - 我真的需要它吗？

4. sudo apt-get install python3-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev build-essential pkg-config

我也尝试过： 5.

pip install mysql-python

并且出现以下错误：

error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [8 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
        File "<pip-setuptools-caller>", line 34, in <module>
        File "/tmp/pip-install-77bsfwx4/mysql-python_29535e9daccf4d7faed69e2300c5ded7/setup.py", line 13, in <module>
          from setup_posix import get_config
        File "/tmp/pip-install-77bsfwx4/mysql-python_29535e9daccf4d7faed69e2300c5ded7/setup_posix.py", line 2, in <module>
          from ConfigParser import SafeConfigParser
      ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ConfigParser'
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

请注意我安装的是没有虚拟环境的，可以吗？ 我正在尝试将我的网站部署到 AWS EC2。 我期待您的提示。预先感谢。

最后我补充道：

sudo apt install libffi-dev

，看起来很有帮助。希望它能帮助其他在 EC2 上遇到同样问题的人。

Answer 1

因此，要在 Ubuntu EC2 服务器上安装 MySQLClient，您需要：

第一个：

sudo apt-get install python3-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev build-essential pkg-config

第二个：

sudo apt install libffi-dev

然后你就可以成功了：

pip install mysqlclient

这已经在 2 个 EC2 实例上为我工作了 2 次。