如何在 Swift 中从字符串生成条形码？

Question

我是一名新的 iOS 开发者。我想知道如何在 Swift 中生成条形码。

我已经有了代码，有多种资源可以学习如何读取条形码，但我没有找到任何关于从字符串生成条形码的资源。

非常感谢！

附注我知道有一个类似的问题，但它是针对 Objective-C 的。我不了解 Obj-C，而且我发现来自 .NET 很难。

Answer 1

您可以使用 CoreImage (

import CoreImage

) 过滤器来做到这一点！

    class Barcode {
        class func fromString(string : String) -> UIImage? {
             let data = string.data(using: .ascii)
             if let filter = CIFilter(name: "CICode128BarcodeGenerator") {
                  filter.setValue(data, forKey: "inputMessage")
                  if let outputCIImage = filter.outputImage {
                       return UIImage(ciImage: outputCIImage)
                  }
             }
             return nil
        }
    }

    let img = Barcode.fromString("whateva")

较新的版本，带有

guard

和可失败的初始化程序：

extension UIImage {

    convenience init?(barcode: String) {
        let data = barcode.data(using: .ascii)
        guard let filter = CIFilter(name: "CICode128BarcodeGenerator") else {
            return nil
        }
        filter.setValue(data, forKey: "inputMessage")
        guard let ciImage = filter.outputImage else {
            return nil
        }
        self.init(ciImage: ciImage)
    }

}

用途：

let barcode = UIImage(barcode: "some text") // yields UIImage?

根据文档：

根据输入数据生成代表输入数据的输出图像 ISO/IEC 15417:2007 标准。每个模块的宽度（垂直线） 输出图像中条形码的宽度为一个像素。的高度 条形码是 32 像素。要从字符串或 URL 创建条形码， 使用 NSASCIIStringEncoding 字符串将其转换为 NSData 对象 编码。

Answer 2

改进的代码：

• 条形码缩放
• 设置条码图像边距
• 将 UIImage 转换为 NSData（由于某种原因，上面的代码不可能实现）。
• 分享条码图片时不会失败（可能是同样的bug）

斯威夫特3

func generateBarcode(from string: String) -> UIImage? {

    let data = string.data(using: String.Encoding.ascii)

    if let filter = CIFilter(name: "CICode128BarcodeGenerator") {
        filter.setDefaults()
        //Margin
        filter.setValue(7.00, forKey: "inputQuietSpace")
        filter.setValue(data, forKey: "inputMessage")
        //Scaling
        let transform = CGAffineTransform(scaleX: 3, y: 3)

        if let output = filter.outputImage?.applying(transform) {
            let context:CIContext = CIContext.init(options: nil)
            let cgImage:CGImage = context.createCGImage(output, from: output.extent)!
            let rawImage:UIImage = UIImage.init(cgImage: cgImage)

            //Refinement code to allow conversion to NSData or share UIImage. Code here:
            //http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2240395/uiimage-created-from-cgimageref-fails-with-uiimagepngrepresentation
            let cgimage: CGImage = (rawImage.cgImage)!
            let cropZone = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: Int(rawImage.size.width), height: Int(rawImage.size.height))
            let cWidth: size_t  = size_t(cropZone.size.width)
            let cHeight: size_t  = size_t(cropZone.size.height)
            let bitsPerComponent: size_t = cgimage.bitsPerComponent
            //THE OPERATIONS ORDER COULD BE FLIPPED, ALTHOUGH, IT DOESN'T AFFECT THE RESULT
            let bytesPerRow = (cgimage.bytesPerRow) / (cgimage.width  * cWidth)

            let context2: CGContext = CGContext(data: nil, width: cWidth, height: cHeight, bitsPerComponent: bitsPerComponent, bytesPerRow: bytesPerRow, space: CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(), bitmapInfo: cgimage.bitmapInfo.rawValue)!

            context2.draw(cgimage, in: cropZone)

            let result: CGImage  = context2.makeImage()!
            let finalImage = UIImage(cgImage: result)

            return finalImage

        }
    }

    return nil
}

Answer 3

如果您的部署目标至少是 iOS 8，则可以使用 Core Image。这是我的 BarcodeGenerator 类（您需要

import CoreImage

）：

class BarcodeGenerator {
    enum Descriptor: String {
        case code128 = "CICode128BarcodeGenerator"
        case pdf417 = "CIPDF417BarcodeGenerator"
        case aztec = "CIAztecCodeGenerator"
        case qr = "CIQRCodeGenerator"
    }

    class func generate(from string: String, 
                         descriptor: Descriptor, 
                               size: CGSize) -> CIImage? {
        let filterName = descriptor.rawValue

        guard let data = string.data(using: .ascii),
            let filter = CIFilter(name: filterName) else {
                return nil
        }

        filter.setValue(data, forKey: "inputMessage")

        guard let image = filter.outputImage else {
            return nil
        }

        let imageSize = image.extent.size

        let transform = CGAffineTransform(scaleX: size.width / imageSize.width,
                                               y: size.height / imageSize.height)
        let scaledImage = image.transformed(by: transform)

        return scaledImage
    }
}

可以这样使用

BarcodeGenerator.generate(from: "barcode-string", 
                     descriptor: .code128, 
                          size: CGSize(width: 800, height: 300))

Answer 4

这样使用，

func createBarcodeFromString(barcode:String)->UIImage?{

    let data = self.data(using: .isoLatin1)
    guard let filter = CIFilter(name: "CICode128BarcodeGenerator") else {
        return nil
    }
    filter.setValue(data, forKey: "inputMessage")
    filter.setValue(7.0, forKey:"inputQuietSpace")
    guard var ciImage = filter.outputImage else {
        return nil
    }

    let imageSize = ciImage.extent.integral
    let outputSize = CGSize(width:320, height: 60)
    ciImage = ciImage.transformed(by:CGAffineTransform(scaleX: outputSize.width/imageSize.width, y: outputSize.height/imageSize.height))

    let image = convertCIImageToUIImage(ciimage: ciImage)
    return image
}

func convertCIImageToUIImage(ciimage:CIImage)->UIImage{
    let context:CIContext = CIContext.init(options: nil)
    let cgImage:CGImage = context.createCGImage(ciimage, from: ciimage.extent)!
    let image:UIImage = UIImage.init(cgImage: cgImage)
    return image
}

Answer 5

与 Matteo Pacini 的 答案类似，这是使用较新的类型安全

CIFilter

实例（iOS 13.0+）的版本。

import UIKit
import CoreImage.CIFilterBuiltins // Type-safe CIFilter instances, iOS 13.0+

extension UIImage {
    static func barcode(
        string: String,
        height: Float,
        quietSpace: Float
    ) -> UIImage? {
        guard let message = string.data(using: String.Encoding.ascii) else {
            return nil
        }
        let filter = CIFilter.code128BarcodeGenerator()
        filter.message = message
        filter.barcodeHeight = height
        filter.quietSpace = quietSpace
        guard let outputImage = filter.outputImage else {
            return nil
        }
        return UIImage(ciImage: outputImage)
    }
}

用途：

imageView.image = .barcode(
    string: "0123456789",
    height: 64,
    quietSpace: 10
)

相关文档：

• Apple 文档：Core Image - 创建过滤器的方法和协议
• Apple 文档：核心图像 - CICode128BarcodeGenerator