给定固定的角度,宽度和矢状面,如何计算椭圆的水平和垂直半径?

问题描述 投票:0回答:1

给定固定的角度,宽度和矢状面,如何计算椭圆的水平和垂直半径?

我想绘制一个具有给定的弧宽,高度(Sagitta)且为椭圆的给定角度的椭圆弧。在下图中,虚线为黑色和黄色。为此,我需要知道椭圆的2个半径。

对于一个圆,可以很容易地计算出它的1个半径,并给出任意两个角度,弧度或宽度值。请参见下面的代码段。如何使该功能适用​​于椭圆形?在该图中,角度可以说是从-60到60对称,使角度为120。这是我真正需要的情况,即弧在垂直轴或水平轴的两侧都反射自身。如果角度是120,从80开始到200,那么就没有真正的弧线,只有弧的最高点和一个紧密的边界框,如果有人也有解决方案,它将很难解决。成为奢侈品。

Ellipse

var arcCalc = function(r, w, a, s) {
  // to allow for object usage
  if (r instanceof Object) {
    w = r.w || r.width;
    a = r.a || r.angle;
    s = r.s || r.sagitta;
    r = r.r || r.radius;
  }
  w = this.toPts(w);
  s = this.toPts(s);
  r = this.toPts(r);
  var sin, cos, twoKnown;
  sin = Math.sin;
  cos = Math.cos;
  // if we know any two arguments then we can work out the other ones
  // if not we can't
  twoKnown = +!r + +!w + +!a + +!s < 3;
  // At this point of time we are trying to avoid throwing errors
  // so for now just throw back the garbage we received
  if (!twoKnown)
    return {
      radius: r,
      width: w,
      angle: a,
      sagitta: s,
      r: r,
      w: w,
      a: a,
      s: s
    };
  if (a) {
    a *= Math.PI / 180;
  }

  if (!r) {
    if (!s) {
      r = w / (2 * sin(a / 2));
    } else if (!a) {
      r = (s * s + 0.5 * w * (0.5 * w)) / (2 * s);
    } else {
      r = s / (1 - cos(a / 2));
    }
  }
  // at this point we know we have r
  if (!w) {
    if (!s) {
      w = 2 * r * sin(a / 2);
    } else {
      w = 2 * Math.sqrt(s * (2 * r - s));
    }
  }
  // at this point we know we have r and w
  if (!a) {
    if (!s) {
      // We added the round because
      // w / (2*r) could come to 1.00000000001
      // and then NaN would be produced
      a = 2 * Math.asin(this.round(w / (2 * r)));
    } else {
      a = 2 * Math.acos(this.round(1 - s / r));
    }
  }
  if (!s) {
    s = r - r * cos(a / 2);
  }

  a *= 180 / Math.PI;
  return {
    radius: r,
    width: w,
    angle: a,
    sagitta: s,
    r: r,
    w: w,
    a: a,
    s: s
  };
};
javascript math geometry ellipse
1个回答
0
投票

给出角度α,宽度和弧度。圆的半径r可以从alpha计算,而宽度可以从正弦公式计算。同样,x - sagitta从余弦公式得出。

要找到y,我们将图形以y/x的比例缩放到x方向。这会将椭圆转换为半径为y的圆。它将[x-sagitta, width/2]上的点转换为[(x-sagitta)*y/x, width/2]。该变换点必须位于半径为y的圆上。我们在y中得到一个二次方程:

((x-sagitta)*y/x)^2, (width/2)^2 = y^2

其积极的解决方法是

y = width * x * sqrt(1 / (sagitta * (2 * x - sagitta))) / 2

恢复,得出(r是圆的半径,x和y是椭圆的轴):

r = width / 2 / sin(alpha / 2)
x = r * cos(alpha / 2) + sagitta
y = width * x * sqrt(1 / (sagitta * (2 * x - sagitta))) / 2

使用Python和matplotlib的检查:

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Ellipse
from math import sqrt, sin, cos, atan, pi

sagitta = 15
alpha = 120 * pi / 180
width = 100

r = width / 2 / sin(alpha / 2)
x = r * cos(alpha / 2) + sagitta
y = width * x * sqrt(1 / (sagitta * (2 * x - sagitta))) / 2

print(x, y)
print(r)

ax = plt.gca()
ax.plot([r * cos(alpha / 2), 0, r * cos(alpha / 2)], [- r * sin(alpha / 2), 0, r * sin(alpha / 2)], ls='-',
        color='crimson')

ellipse = Ellipse((0, 0), 2 * x, 2 * y, color='purple', linewidth=1, fill=False, ls='-')
circle = Ellipse((0, 0), 2 * r, 2 * r, color='tomato', linewidth=1, fill=False, ls='-.')

lim = max(x, y) * 1.05
ax.set_xlim(-lim, lim)
ax.set_ylim(-lim, lim)
ax.axhline(0, color='silver')
ax.axvline(0, color='silver')
ax.plot([x-sagitta, x-sagitta], [width/2, -width/2], color='limegreen', ls='--')
ax.plot([x-sagitta, x], [0, 0], color='brown', ls='--')
ax.add_patch(ellipse)
ax.add_patch(circle)
ax.text(x-sagitta, width/2, ' [x-s, w/2]')
ax.set_aspect(1)
plt.show()

resulting plot

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