通过唯一的交替颜色对列进行分组，并使用XlsxWriter基于ID交替显示这些颜色

Question

问题：我想使用XlsxWriter对数据进行颜色编码，如下所示。

您会看到具有相同ID的行保持相同的颜色，如果ID更改，则行颜色会交替显示。另外，我希望共享F的列（F1＃pets，F1＃kids，F1 #hobbies）遵循相同的配色方案，如果F更改，请更改该配色方案，并保留基于ID的交替模式。

到目前为止，我已经能够交替使用蓝色（如下所示）。

为此，我使用了以下代码。

import pandas as pd
import xlsxwriter
import xlrd


def build_format(wb, color, bold=False, align='center', font_color='black'):
    """
    Set formatting in excel file to be centered, bold, and have grey borders

    Args:
        wb(:obj:`str`): The complete path to the directory containing files
        color: accepts color value to change cell color
        bold: Enables text to be bold if True; default is False
        align: Set alignment of cell text; default is centered
        sci_not: Enables scientific notation if True; default is False
        font_color: Sets font color; default is black

    Returns:
        Customized XlsxWriter formatting template, based on user-provided parameters
    """
    #: Format headers
    format_x = wb.add_format({'align': align,'bold': bold, 'bg_color':color, 'font_color':font_color})
    format_x.set_border()
    format_x.set_border_color('#BFBFBF')
    format_x.set_align('center')

    return format_x

def main():
    df = pd.DataFrame(
        {'ID': [3284, 2208, 2855, 1855, 4010, 1066, 1066, 2476, 2476],
            'col A': ['num1', 'num2', 'num3', 'num4', 'num5', 'num6', 'num7', 'num8', 'num9'],
            'F1 #pets': [48, 66, 77, 77, 72, 90, 90, 40, 40],
            'F1 #kids': [23, 45, 77, 77, 47, 90, 90, 40, 40],
            'F1 #hobbies': [1436, 850, 162, 162, 419, 176, 176, 576, 576],
            'F2 #pets': [51, 67, 75, 75, 68, 94, 94, 36, 36],
            'F2 #kids': [24, 45, 75, 75, 44, 94, 94, 36, 36],
            'F2 #hobbies': [1399, 833, 163, 163, 430, 184, 184, 481, 481]})

    print("df", df)
    writer = pd.ExcelWriter('input_df.xlsx', engine = 'xlsxwriter')
    df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name = 'sheet1', index=False, header=True)
    writer.save()
    workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('output_df.xlsx')
    finalsheet = workbook.add_worksheet('Hobbies Pets Kids')

    #: Open input_wb file containing peptides_df and proteins_df sheets
    input_wb = xlrd.open_workbook('input_df.xlsx')

    #: Save input_wb sheets
    sheet1 = input_wb.sheet_by_name('sheet1')
    group_id = None

    #: Colors
    dark_colors = {

        0: '#A3E0CD', #: Dark color 1
        1: '#8DDC8D', #: Dark color 2
        2: '#ACCD90', #: Dark color 3
        3: '#85CAA0', #: Dark color 4
        4: '#FDA695', #: Dark color 5
        5: '#EFB6BB', #: Dark color 6
        6: '#E6AEAD', #: Dark color 7
        7: '#B3ADF5', #: Dark color 8
        8: '#B59CDD', #: Dark color 9
        9: '#D390DD', #: Dark color 10
        10: '#A7CEEF'} #: Dark blue (header)

    light_colors = {

        0: '#E5F8F3', #: Light color 1 (should be for col 3, 4, 5)
        1: '#E3F5E8', #: Light color 2 (should be for col 6, 7, 8)
        2: '#E1F1D8', #: Light color 3
        3: '#EDF5EF', #: Light color 4
        4: '#FDE4DD', #: Light color 5
        5: '#FAE5E4', #: Light color 6
        6: '#F8ECEB', #: Light color 7
        7: '#E6E5F9', #: Light color 8
        8: '#EDE7F6', #: Light color 9
        9: '#EDE8F2', #: Light color 10
        10: '#DBE8F0'} #: Light blue (should be for cols 1 and 2 only)

    med_colors = {
        0: '#C7EDE0', #: Med color 1 (should be for col 3, 4, 5)
        1: '#C7ECC7', #: Med color 2 (should be for col 6, 7, 8)
        2: '#C6E0B4', #: Med color 3
        3: '#C0E8C8', #: Med color 4
        4: '#FFD4CD', #: Med color 5
        5: '#F7CDCF', #: Med color 6
        6: '#F2D7D5', #: Med color 7
        7: '#DAD6FA', #: Med color 8
        8: '#D1C4E9', #: Med color 9
        9: '#E1BEE7', #: Med color 10
        10: '#B9D3EE'} #: Med blue (should be for cols 1 and 2 only)

    color_dicts = [light_colors, med_colors]
    the_num = 0
    current_color_dict = color_dicts[the_num % 2]
    for row_num in range (sheet1.nrows):
        input_wb_row = sheet1.row_values(row_num) # Get first row

        for col_num, data in enumerate(input_wb_row):
            finalsheet.write(row_num, col_num, data)
            if row_num == 0: # Header row
                finalsheet.set_row(row_num, None, build_format(workbook, dark_colors[10]))

            elif row_num != 0:
                if col_num == 0 and group_id == None:
                    group_id = data

                elif col_num ==0 and group_id != None:
                    if data != group_id:
                        group_id = data

                        the_num = the_num + 1
                        current_color_dict = color_dicts[the_num % 2]
                finalsheet.set_row(row_num, None, build_format(workbook, current_color_dict[10]))

    # Close the workbook to ensure the script actions are implemented in the workbook.   
    workbook.close()

main()

是否可以使用XlsxWriter为3-5和6-8列实现着色，还是有人知道解决方法？

Answer 1

不是最有效的方法，因为它涉及很多迭代（对于循环），但适用于您的情况。请注意，如果文件中有很多行和/或列，则程序会变慢。

无论如何，我所做的就是定义一个函数，以完全按照所需的方式格式化单行。这样，格式也将在df的最后一列停止，并且直到文件的最后一列都不会扩展（xlsxwriter的set_row方法的格式直到文件的最后）。

然后，我们遍历每一行，并将该行的ID值与上一行的ID值进行比较。如果值相同，我们将使用相同的颜色进行格式化，如果值不同，则将切换颜色。

import pandas as pd

# Create a test df
df = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [3284, 2208, 2855, 2855, 4010, 1066, 1066, 2476, 2476],
            'col A': ['num1', 'num2', 'num3', 'num4', 'num5', 'num6', 'num7', 'num8', 'num9'],
            'F1 #pets': [48, 66, 77, 77, 72, 90, 90, 40, 40],
            'F1 #kids': [23, 45, 77, 77, 47, 90, 90, 40, 40],
            'F1 #hobbies': [1436, 850, 162, 162, 419, 176, 176, 576, 576],
            'F2 #pets': [51, 67, 75, 75, 68, 94, 94, 36, 36],
            'F2 #kids': [24, 45, 75, 75, 44, 94, 94, 36, 36],
            'F2 #hobbies': [1399, 833, 163, 163, 430, 184, 184, 481, 481]})

df['ID'] = df['ID'].astype('str')

writer = pd.ExcelWriter('test.xlsx', engine='xlsxwriter')
df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Sheet1', index=False)
workbook = writer.book
worksheet = writer.sheets['Sheet1']

# Define the formats
format1 = workbook.add_format({'bg_color': '#E5F8F3', 'border_color': '#BFBFBF', 'border': 1}) # light green 1
format2 = workbook.add_format({'bg_color': '#E3F5E8', 'border_color': '#BFBFBF', 'border': 1}) # light green 2
format3 = workbook.add_format({'bg_color': '#C7EDE0', 'border_color': '#BFBFBF', 'border': 1}) # dark green 1
format4 = workbook.add_format({'bg_color': '#C7ECC7', 'border_color': '#BFBFBF', 'border': 1}) # dark green 2
format5 = workbook.add_format({'bg_color': '#B9D3EE', 'border_color': '#BFBFBF', 'border': 1}) # dark blue
format6 = workbook.add_format({'bg_color': '#DBE8F0', 'border_color': '#BFBFBF', 'border': 1}) # light blue

# Set the color for the starting row
current_color = 'Dark'

# Define a function to format a single row
def format_row(row, color=current_color):
    if color == 'Dark':
        for column in range(0,2): # format the first 2 columns
            worksheet.write(row, column, df.iloc[row-1,column], format5)
        for column in range(2,5): # format columns 3,4,5
            worksheet.write(row, column, df.iloc[row-1,column], format3)
        for column in range(5,8): # format columns 6,7,8
            worksheet.write(row, column, df.iloc[row-1,column], format4)
    elif color == 'Light':
        for column in range(0,2): # format the first 2 columns
            worksheet.write(row, column, df.iloc[row-1,column], format6)
        for column in range(2,5): # format columns 3,4,5
            worksheet.write(row, column, df.iloc[row-1,column], format1)
        for column in range(5,8): # format columns 6,7,8
            worksheet.write(row, column, df.iloc[row-1,column], format2)

# Format the 1st row
format_row(1)

# Start formatting from the 2nd row until the end of the df
for row in range(2,df.shape[0]+1):
    # if the id of the row is the same as the id of the previous row
    if df.iloc[row-1,0] == df.iloc[row-2,0]:
        format_row(row, color=current_color)
    # if it's different than that of the previous row switch the colors
    else:
        if current_color == 'Dark':
            current_color = 'Light'
        elif current_color == 'Light':
            current_color = 'Dark'
        format_row(row, color=current_color)

# Set the columns width
worksheet.set_column('A:H', 11)

writer.save()

输出与所需输出相同：